﻿MS 



MAOINDANAO. 



MAINE-ETLOIRE. 



41 1 mile* aE. by E. from London.lcny, and 1171 "Uo* N- ''7 ^• 

 from Dublin. The popuUtion in 1851 wm 1390. Moghenfelt Poor- 

 Law Union eompriam S$ electorml dirision*, with an am of 155,904 

 went, and a population in 1851 of 64,822. Tho town, which baa 

 baen much improrad br it* propriMon, the London Salt«ra' Company, 

 oontains a parish church, chapel* for Roman Catholics, Presbyterians, 

 and Methodists, National, Free, and other schools partially endowed. 

 The other public buildings are the court-house and market-house, the 

 bridewell, diitrict dispensaiy, and Union workhouse. The chief occu- 

 pation is the manafaotuTB OT linen, of which lai^ sales are made at 

 the weekly market Qoarter and petty seniont are held in the town. 

 Fairs are held May 25th, August 25th, and October 29tb. 



M.VOIKDANAQ. [Phiuppi-xe Islasdb.} 



MA(;XA aR.£'CIA, was used to designate the south of Italy, in 

 eoosequence of the numerous and Bourishing colonics which were 

 founded by the Greeks in that part of the country. The name it 

 seems was not applied to the country north of Cuma and Neapolis. 

 Pliny apparently considers Magna Orawia to begin at the Locri 

 Epiaaphyrii ('Nat. Hint.,' iiL IS); but Sb«bo even includes the 

 Grecian towns of Sicily under this name. The name does not occur, 

 as far as we are aware, in the early Greek writers, but it is used by 

 Polybius and succeeding Greek and Roman writers. It contained 

 many cities fitr superior in size and population to any in Greece 

 itself, The most important'of these places were — Tabkntcm, founded 

 by the Lacedaemonians ; Stbabis, Croton, and Metapontum, by the 

 Aohnans; Locri Epizephyrii, by theLocrians; and RnEoiuu, by the 

 Cbalcidians— all in Italy ; nnd in Sicily — Stracuse, founded by the 

 Corinthians; Gela, by the Cretans and Rbodians ; and AoRiaEirruii, 

 by the inlisbitants of Gela. [Bashjcata ; Cai.abbia ; Fawtdm, Ac] 



MAGNESIA. [Asatolia; Kama.] 



MAGl'IUE'S BRIDGE. [Febmanaoh.] 



MAH& [HixDCSTAK.] 



MAHON, PORT. [Mesorca.] 



MAIDENHEAD, Berkshire, a maiket-town and municipal borough, 

 partly in the pariah of Bray, and partly in that of Cookham, is 

 situated on the right bank of the Thames, in 51° 81' N. lat, 0° 42' 

 W. long., distant 14 miles N.E. by E. from Reading, and 22} miles 

 W. from London by the Great Western railway. The population of 

 the borough in 1861 was 3607. The borough is governed by 4 alder- 

 men, or bridge-masters, and 12 burgesses, one of whom is mayor. 

 The living is a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Berks and 

 diocese of Oxford. 



Maidenhead, anciently called South Ealington, is a small but neat 

 town, a little way from the Thames, on the Bath road. It consists 

 of one long street, which is lighted with gas and paved. In the town 

 are a market-place, a town-hall, and a jail, a plain modem chapel, 

 places of worship for Wealeyan Methodists and the Counteas of 

 Huntingdon's Connexion, a National school, and nlmshouses for eight 

 poor men and their wives. The bridge consists of seven semicircular 

 arches of stone, and three smaller arches of brick at each end. The 

 Great Western railway is here carried across the Thames by a remark- 

 abhr fine brick bridge. The chief trade of the place is in meal, malt, 

 and timber; there is an extensive brewery. The market is on 

 Wednesday, nnd is a considerable mart for com. There are three 

 fain. In the neighbourhood are Cliefden, the seat of the Marquis of 

 Stafford, Taplow Court, the seat of Earl Orkney, and several other 

 mansions. The scenety of the Thames just above Maidenhead is very 

 beautiful 



MAID.STONE, Kent, the county and asinze-town, a market-town, 

 municipal and parliamentary borough, and the seat of a Poor-Law 

 Union, is situated on a declivity, on the right bank of the Medway, 

 in 61* 18' N. lat, 0" 80' E. long., distant 27 mUes W. bv 8. from 

 Canterbury, 84 miles S.E. from London by road, and 56 miles by the 

 South-Eastem railway. The population of the borough in 1851 was 

 20,801. The borough is governed by 6 aldermen and 18 oouncilloiv, 

 and returns two members to tho Imperial Parliament. The living is 

 a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Maidstone and diocese of 

 Canterbury. Muidstone Poor-Law Union contains 16 parishes and 

 township*, with an area of 35,808 acre*, and a popuUtion in 1861 

 of 8«,0»7. ."Ill 



According to Ncnnius this place wa» called Caer Mtyiiaul, or 

 Medwig (the town or city of the Medway). At a very early period 

 Maidstone formed part of the posMMrions of the see of Cautorbury ; 

 in the Domesday aurrey it is placed among the Unds of the archbishop. 

 O^t* were granted to the town by Edward VI., Elizabeth, James I., 

 OM** U., and George I L The town conaisU chieBy of four principal 

 •*»••*■> which are weUpavod and lighted, and contain many well-built 

 hmaam. Water is supplied from reservoirs on the opposite bank of 

 tb* Medway. The chief public building is the pari«h church of All 

 Saints, which is one of the biggest in the kingdom, and an excellent 

 exampl* of the popoidioalar style : it ha* been recently reatored in 

 a very costly manner. There are alao the churches of Holy Trinity, 

 8t Petei'*, and Tovil, and two ottmr dmrehe* ; with places of worship 

 for Wesleyao Methodist*, ladtpmtdmbt, Baptfarts, Quakers, and Unita- 

 riaua. All Saints College, founded in 1846, is held in a remaining 

 portion of the old college of All Saint*. rappressc<l by Edward VI. 

 There was also a fraternity of Corpus Christi, on the suppression of 

 which the building* belonging to it, then called < The Brotherhood 



Hall,' were purchased by the corporation, who established the Free 

 Grammar (ohool, which has an endowment of about 60(. a year, and had 

 40 scholar* in 1851. There are a Blue-Coat achool for 60 boys and 40 

 girls ; a Brown-Coat school for educating 200 boys and 100 girls, and for 

 clothing and educating 24 boys and 24 girls ; National schools ; alms- 

 houses for 19 poor persons; a dispensary; a philosophical society ; a 

 mechanic* institute; a library; a saving* bank; county assembly- 

 rooms ; and a theatre. The county jail was erectod in 1818, at a cost 

 of 200,000^. A county court is held. There is a neat town-hall ; 

 and nearly opposite to it is a spacious com-exohange. The archbishop's 

 palace was originally erected in the 14th century, but has undei;gone 

 many alterations. On the left bank of the river are oavaliy barruilu. 

 There are at Maidstone numerous paper-mills, an extensive oil-mill, 

 manu&ctories of felt and blankets, and several breweries. The naviga- 

 tion of the Medway ha« been greatly improved and the traffic increased 

 by the constnaction of a lock two miles below the town. The import* 

 consist chiefly of coal, timber, groceries, iron, and rags ; the exports 

 are mostly fruit, hop?, Kentish ragstone from the quarries in the 

 neighbourhood, and pa|>er. The market days are Thursday and 

 Saturday; fairs are held on February 13th, May 12th, June 20Ui, and 

 a large hop fair on October 17th. 



MAIMATSCHIN. [Kiacbta.] 



MAINA. [Laconica.] 



MAINE, LE, one of the old provinces of France, was bounded K. 

 by Normandie, E. by Orldanais, S. by Anjou, or Touraine, and W. by 

 Bretagne. It now forms the department of Sabthe (with the excep- 

 tion of the arrondissemont of LvFltehe), the arroudissementa of 

 Laval and Mayenue in the department of Matesne, the arrondiase- 

 ment of Mortagne in the department of Orke, and part of the arrou- 

 dissements of Dreux and Nogeut-le-Rotrou in the department of Eure- 

 R-LotR. It was formerly divided into Haut-Maine, capital Le-Mans; 

 Bas- Maine, capital Mayenno ; Haut-Perche, cupital Mortagne ; Perohe- 

 Gouet, chief town Montmirail; Terre3-Fran9ai8C8, chief place Tour- 

 Grise-de-Vemeuil ; and Thymerus, chief town Ch&tcauneuf. Ita length 

 was about 118 miles from east to west; ita breadth 69 miles, and it* 

 area about 3886 square miles. It was watered in the western part by 

 the Mayenne ; and in the central and western parts by the Sarthe and 

 its branches. 



Le-Maine, as well as iU capital Le-Mans, derives ita name from the 

 Aulerci Cenomani, one of the Celtic tribes which inhabited it. Tho 

 Aulerci Cenomani were among the nations who filled the north of 

 Italy with a population of Ghiula. Le-Maine was among the earlier 

 conquesta of the Franks, who established here a kingdom, which lost 

 ita separate existence when Clovis amalgamated tho Frankish tribes 

 under his sway. 



Le-Maine was early formed into a county. It was conquered by 

 William the Bastard, duke of Normandie (1063), a little before the 

 conquest of England. Henry I., his youugest son, coded the province 

 (llOU) to Hdliede la Flfecbe, on whose death (1110) it came to the counta 

 of Anjou. On the accession of Henry Plantagenet, count of Anjou and 

 Maine, to the duchy of Normandie (1 151), and subsequently to the 

 crown of England as Henry II. (1154), Maine again became part of 

 the English possessions in France. On the couBscation of these by 

 Philippe Augusta, the county of Maine was granted by that prinee 

 (1204) to Berengaria, vridow of Richard I. of England, on whose death 

 it probably reverted to the crown, and wa* granted by St-Louia, 

 together with the county of Anjou (1246), to his brother Charles, 

 count of Provence. Under Philippe VI. de Valoia, who had inherited 

 it before he came to the throne of France, it was reunited to the 

 crown ; but Philippe shortly after his aoceasion invested his son J4an 

 with the two counties, and when J dan became king be bestowed them 

 on his second son Louis, who subsequently became count of Provenc* 

 and king of Naples, in whose line it continued for some time. In 

 1440 Rend, who possessed the counties of Lorraine, Provence, Aqjou, 

 and Maine, bestowed the last on his brother Charles, who transmitted 

 it to his son: but on the death of the lattar (1481) the county of Maine 

 was once more reunited to the crown, from which it has never since 

 been permanently alienated. 



JIAINK-KT-LOIRE, a department in tho west of France, bounded 

 N. by tho dcpartmento of Mayenne and Sarthe, E. by lndr»«t-Loire, 

 S. by the departmenta of Vienne, Deux-Sivres, and Vendde, and W. by 

 Loire-Infdrieure. It lie* between 46° 68' and 47° 46' N.lat,0° 15' E. and 

 1° 18' W. long. Ita greateat length from east by north to west by 

 south is 77 miles; ita greatest breadth, at right angle* to the length, 

 is 60 mile*. The area is 2766*3 square milea. The population in 1841 

 was 488,472; in 1851 it was 616,462, which give* 187-84 inhabitanta 

 to a iquare mile, being 12-76 above the average per square mile for 

 the whole of Franco. The department is formed out of the former 

 province of Anjou, and it is named from tho two principal rivers 

 which traverse it 



The department has no mountains, nor are there any very high hills. 

 The high lands which separata the basins of the Vilaino and the Loire 

 occupy a small part of the north-western border, and the southern 

 part is overspread by the prolongation of the heighto of Q&tine, 

 which bound the basin of the Loire on the south-west. The surface 

 of tho department consista for the most part of low hills covered with 

 vineyards, or of gently undulating plains, divided by ditehes and 

 quickset hedges, and adorned with clumps of trees, whoso foliage give* 



