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MAINTByON. 



MALACCA. 



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Hanowdl. Saeo, on the left buk of the river Baoo, 07 mllee &S.W. 

 from Augucta, population of the townihip 6798, oarriee on a oonaider- 

 Mu trade in the preparation of lumber for export, aod hai nine lai^ 

 oottoa-faotoriea, a woollen-mill, and other establishmenta. The town 

 is united bj a bridge with Biddtfurd on the opposite tide of the 

 river, and the two plaoee are cloeely aaeooiated in buaineei interatta. 

 The Portland, Saoo, and FOrtonouth railway places theee town* in 

 oonoection with the railway lyetem of the state. Waldcboro, on the 

 lelt bank of the Huioongu* RiTer, where it opeui into Miuoongus 

 > Bay, SO milee SlE. from Augtuta : population, 4199. The inhabitutta 

 •re engaged principally in abin-buiUling, the ooaating-ttada, and the 

 cod anid mackerel fitberiea. There are eeTeral milli and tanneries. 

 H'eUt, on the coast, 80 miles S.W. by S. from Augusta : population, 

 2946. The town carries on a rather considerable coiasting-tnule ; and 

 has nnmerons mills, tanneries, Ac. The Portland, Saco, and Ports- 

 month railway has a station here. WitcautU, on the right bank of 

 the Sheepsoot Rirer where it opens into Sheepsoot Bay, 22 miles 

 S.S.E. from Augusta : )>opuIation, 2332. The town is well built, and 

 contains the usual county buildings, churches, schools, &c Although 

 the foreign trade has somewhat declined, Wiscaasett is still one of the 

 most important sea-port towns in the state. York, on the coast, 

 M miles S.W. from Augusta : population, 2980. The town is regu- 

 lariy laid out. Vessels of 250 tons can lie in the harbour. The 

 ooaating-inde and fisheries are the chief sources of employment. 



Otf S tm i m t, JudiccUure, Sic. — The constitution was framed and 

 adopted in 1820 when Maine was admitted into the Union as an 

 independent state. By the oonstitution the right of voting in all 

 ■tate elections is vested in every white male citizen 21 years of age, 

 not being a pauper or under guardianship, who has resided for three 

 months in the town for which he proposes to vote. The legislative 

 body, elected annually, consists of a Senate of not less than 20 

 nor mora than 31 (at present 30) members, and a House of Repre- 

 ■entatives of not less than 100 nor more than 200 (at present 161) 

 members. 



Maine was discovered by one of the Cabota in 1497. It was after- 

 wards visited by the French, who called the southern part, west of the 

 Kennebec Biver, tiaine, and the eastern port Acodie. About 1635 

 the English succeeded in making some settlements in the southern 

 district. The first charter was proprietary, and granted in 1639 to 

 Sir Ferdinand Gorges; but in 1652 Maine was united to Massachu- 

 setts nnderthc title of the county of Yorkshire. In 1676 Massachusetts 

 bought the country from the family of the Ooiges, and from that time 

 it remained annexed to that state, but advanced slowly, on account of 

 the constant disputes between the English and French, and the incur- 

 nons of the native Indiana Its progress became more decided from 

 1712, when England obtained full possession of it by the peace of 

 Dtrecht. After the declaration of independence MaBsachusetts 

 oppoaed the attempts of the inhabitants to separate Maiue from Mos- 

 ■adiusetts; but in 1819 it gave permission to the freemen of Maine 

 to decide this question ; and the majority of votes being in favour 

 of a tepanttion, Maine became in 1820 an independent member of the 

 Union. 



(SlatittUal OiueUttr of the Vniied Slatet; Darby, Fiew of the VniUd 

 Statet ; Setenlh Cetuui of the United Statee; American Almanac, 1854 ; 

 Maroou, Oeological Map of the United Statet, &c.) 



MAINTENON. [Euhe-et-Loibb.] 



MAINZ, Menu, or Mayence, the Roman MogmUiaeum, the capital 

 of the province of Rheinbessen, in the grand-duchy of Hesse-Darm- 

 ■tadt, is sitoated in one of the most beautiful and fertile parts of 

 Germany, on the left bank of the Rhine, a little below the junction 

 of tlie Maine with that river, on the slope of a hill, in 60 K. lat., 

 8* 11' E. long., and has about 31,000 inhabitants. It is connected, 

 bjr a bridge of boats over the Rhine, with the village of Kastel, or 

 Ksanl, induded in the system of fortifications, which render Mainz 

 one of the strongest fortresses in Europe, and a chief bulwark of 

 Germany against France. The town is connected by railways with 

 Frankfort, Manheim, and Paria The distance to Paris by railway 

 through Lodwigshafen, Forbach, and Nancy is 416 miles W. Besides 

 tlM hill-aide the town occupies a long dip of land on the river 

 bank. Theextent of the fortifications, which were much enlarged by the 

 Fkwiah while the city was in their possession, including the citadel and 

 other strong works, exclusive of Kaatd, is two leagues and a hdf. 

 Kaitd, which is united with Mainz as an outwork, has very extensive 

 tetiflaations, which consist of four strong forts besides the strongly 

 Httiflad island of Petsnau, indnding which Utter the works are of 

 gnatar astcnt than even those of Mainz itself. The inner yroAa 

 eandrt of 14 priodpal and IS smaller basUons. On the land aide then 

 ara four great gates with double drawbridges, and toward the river 

 *w al gat<a. The Rhine runs from south to north, and the Maine 

 from east to wot. About a mile above the junction of the two 

 rivara Is the village of Koatheim on the Maine, and a little farther up 

 a Md(a of boats, dsfaoded by a strong tdtenle-pont On the lart 

 aattlaaant of tha aflUn of Germany 1^ the Congress of Vienna, 

 Maiaz was aasignad to the grand-duke of Hesae-Darmstadt, but it was 

 dedded that, as a fortress, it tbould belong to the German Confedera- 

 tion, with a garrison of Austrian, IViirsian, and Hesdan troops. This 

 gariiaon in time of peace consist* of 6000 men. The military governor, 

 who rotaina his poat five years, is dtematdy au Austrian and a 



Prussian general This great fortress requires for its ddenoe a 

 garrison of 30,000 men. 



Mainz is on the whole an old-fashioned and ill-built town. The 

 streets, with three or four exceptions, an narrow, crooked, and 

 gloomy, though there are many handsome private houses and some 

 fine public edifioec Of the 27 squares and market places the prin- 

 cipal is the Parade, which is surrounded with avenues of treos. Of 

 the 11 churches, of which only one is for Protestants, the most remark- 

 able are the cathednd, the church of St Ignatius, which is conddared 

 a model of beautifal eccleaia«tical architecture, St Peter's church, 

 and St Stephen's. The cathedral, founded in the 12th century, is 

 S60 feet long, 140 feet wide, and has 14 dtan and 20 chapels. It was 

 much injured in the siege by the French in 1793, and under the govern- 

 ment of Napolpon I. it was intended to pull it down, but it has since 

 been repaired. Nothing however remains of the great treasures which 

 it formerly possessed, or of its library, and even many of the fine 

 monuments have been destroyed. The other public edifices comprise 

 the grand-ducd pdace (formerly the hotise of the Teutonic order), 

 the anenal, the pdaces of the commandant and of the vice-governor, 

 the episcopal palace, the theatre, &c A bronze statue of Gutenberg, 

 the inventor of printing, and a native of Mainz, modelled by Thor- 

 waldsen, and cast in Paris, was erected in an open space oppodte the 

 theatre in 1837. The expenses were paid by subscriptions from all 

 parts of Europe. A gymnasium has taken the place of the former 

 univenity, and there are severd schools. The city library consists 

 of above 90,000 volumes, and in the same building there are cabinets 

 of medaU and of natural history, a collection of philosopbicd and 

 mechanical instruments, a gallery of pictures, and a collection of 

 Roman antiquities found in the vicinity of the town. The Eicbel- 

 stein in the dtadel is supposed to be a monument in honour of 

 Drusus Oermouicus, brother of the emperor Tiberius. Near the 

 village of Zablbach are the remains of an aqueduct sud to have been 

 built by the same Drusus. Tliere are pleasant wdks on the Rhine ; 

 the environs are very beautiful and the prospects over the surrounding 

 country magnificent Mainz is a free-port ; it has manufactures of 

 tobacco, soap, leather, glue, false pearls, musical instruments, por- 

 celain, &c The commerce in com, wine, timber, and Rhenish products 

 generally, is considerable. Steamers ply regularly to the chief towns 

 on the Rhine. Two railroads run from Kassel, one east to Frankfurt- 

 om-Main, the other north to Wiesbaden. 



Mainz is supposed to have been originally a town of the Medio- 

 matrici, who inhabited tha left bank of the Rhine, and whose domi- 

 nion ended in the year 72 B.C. In 13 B.C. Drusus founded the fortress 

 of Magontiacum, or Magimtiacum, on the site on which Kastel now 

 standa The town which sprung up near it did not extend under the 

 Romans to the Rhine. It was destroyed by the Vandals in 406, and 

 lay in ruins for some centuries, till it was rebuilt by the kings of the 

 Franks. A new and brilliaut epoch iu its history commenced with 

 St Bonifacius, the apostle of the Gcrman», who was bishop of Mdoz. 

 Some affirm that the bishopric of Mainz was founded by Crescens, 

 a disciple of St Paul, who sufl°ered martyrdom in a.d. 103. Othen say 

 that Bonifacius was its fint bishop. In 1798 Mainz became the 

 capital of the French department of Mont Tonn6re; in 1816 it was 

 ceded to the grand-duke of Hosse. 



MAIO. rCAi'E Vebd Islands.] 



MAIRE, LE, the name of a strut that lias iu the Southern Atlantic 

 Ocean, on the eastern shore of Tierra del Fuego, between Staten laland 

 and King Charies's Southland, doug which it extends from Cape San 

 Diego to Cape Good Success. This strait, which is dtuated in the 

 route of vessels making for Capo Horn, is about 20 miles in length 

 and width. It is free from rocks and shoals, but still some difficulties 

 ara encountered in traversing it from the north, on account of tho 

 prevdence of western and south-western winds, and a strong current 

 which dways sets through it from the south. Strait Le Maire was 

 firat traversed by the Dutchmen Le Maire and Schootcu iu 1616, from 

 the former of whom it received its name. 



MAJORCA, the English name of the largest of the Bdearic Islandi^ 

 which the Spaniards cdl Mallorca. [Mallorca.] 



MAKAUIKW. [CosTBOiiA.] 



MALABAR. [Hindcstan.] 



MALACCA, a British settlement on the south-western coast of tho 

 Mday peninsuU^ between 2" and 8° N. lat, 102" and 103° E. long. 

 It comprises the town of Malacca and a temtory of about 1 000 square 

 miles, including the district of Naning, which is of some value for its 

 tin-mines. The population is estimated at about 60,000. The surface 

 is undulating, the liilla are covered with trees, nnd the vdlcys ore 

 swampy. The soil is gcnerdly adapted to tropical produce, but little 

 of it is cultivated. Around the town of Malacca are extensive fields 

 of rice, cultivated mostly by Mdays. The other products are tin, 

 sugar, sago, pepper, nutmegs, rattans, and timber. Mdacca, with 

 Pnnce of Wales^ Island and Singapore, unce September, 1851, have 

 formed a separate province of the East India Company's possesdons. 

 The revenue of Malaoca for the year 1851-62 was 9,2761.; the expendi- 

 ture for the same year was 7,620^ 



MALACCA, the capitd of the British settlement of Mdacca, is 

 situated at the head of a small bay by the mouth of au inconsiderable 

 river, in 2° 12° N. lat., 102° 16' E. long. The town presents a hand- 

 some appearance from the son. The houses are mostly of stone, and 



