﻿UANCHE. 



MANCHESTER. 



Tb* d«partmeiit ia divided into ux UTondiiMmeoU, wliiob, with 

 their lubdivisioni and popuUUon, are a* follow* : — 





Cialau. 



Oanmnan. 



Popobtioa in 1881. 



1. 8t..L« . . 

 S. Couuncc* 



5. Talofaai . . . 

 4. awrtearr . 



t. Anutche* . . . 



6. Mortala . 



10 



IIS 

 198 

 118 



?S 

 111 



71 



99,0(9 

 180,47 s 



9:,»8 



8S,I97 

 117,081 



7S,«41 



TDlal 



4S 



Sit 



600,881 



1. In the first ammdinement, the chief town hStLi, which is 

 alao the capital of the department It i» situated in 49* 6' 69" 

 K. Ut, 1* 6' 32' W. long., at a distance of 157 milee W. from Paris, 

 and baa tribunals of firat instance and of commerce, a college, and 

 9166 inhabitants in the commnue. The central part of the town 

 ■taods on a rocky eminence above the Vire, from which the other 

 ■treets, all irregularl; and badly built, extend down the slopes in all 

 diraetiona. The square called Champ-de-Mars is prettily laid out with 

 kTenues of trees, lie most remarkable structures are the church of 

 Kotre-Dame, in which are fine painted windows, the gift of Louis XI. ; 

 the diorch of Sainte-Croix, the beat preserved edifice in the oldeet 

 Korman style in Fimoce ; the church of St-Thomax, which is now a 

 eom-market ; and the tower in the garden of the prefecture, which is 

 •11 that remains of the former defences of the town. The chief manu- 

 faetores of St-Ld are drugget, woollrn-yam, tape, lace, linen, and 

 leather. There is a considerable trade in horses for the French 

 eavalry, in catUe, oom, small-wares, cloth, to. The town has a 

 museum, dye-houses, and bleaching establishments. Of the other 

 towns named in this article, the population given in each case is that 

 of the commune. Carentan, a town of 2990 inhabitants, ia situated 

 near the coast among unhealthy marshes on the left bank of the 

 Taute. It was formeriy defended by a strong castle, a greit part of 

 which remains; this cautle was taken by Edward III. in 1346. Percy, 

 &W. of St-LA, has a population of 8215. Torigny, S. of St-Ld, a small 

 well-built town of 2186 inhabitants, is famous for its ancient castle. 



2. In the second arrondissement the chief town Coutanca, the 

 capital of the old district of Cotentin, is built on a hill extending north 

 and south about 4 miles from the sea, to which it is joined by the 

 Saale CanaL It is generally ill-built, with narrow crooked streets, 

 Imt the situation is very picturesque. The town is said to have 

 azistrd in Roman times, and to have taken its name from Constnntius 

 Chloms, who fortified it and built the aqueduct, now called Ics-Pilivrs 

 from the Roman arches of it still remaining. The principal buildings 

 are the cathedral, which is universally admired, the churches of 

 8t.-Nichola« and St>-Pierre,the prison, and the theatre. The tower of the 

 eathodral of Contances is over the point 49° 2' 54" N. lat., 1° 26' 82' 

 W. long. Contances is the seat of an aaaiie court, of tribunals of first 

 twtsnoe and of commerce ; it gives title to a bishop, and has communal 

 •ad theological ooUeges, and 7295 inhabitants. The industrial products 

 •rs outleiy, parchment, drugget, muslin, Ac ; the chief trade is in corn, 

 butter, poultry, eggs, cattleThorses, hempen and flaxen thread, wool, 

 feathers, &c. Cerit^-la-AUU, 7 miles from Coutances, has a population of 

 2327; thrre are several druidical monuments near it. Gavraj/, famous 

 for its long resistance to Du-Oueaclin, stands a few miles S. by E. from 

 Contances, and has 2014 inhabitants. PMtn, K. of Coutances, has a 

 population of 2866. 



3. The third arrondissement is named from its chief town Talofftta, 

 which stands in a pretty valley a few miles S. by £. from Cherbourg, 

 in 49* 30' 32" N. Uu, l' 28' V' W. long., and has a tribunal of first 

 faistanoe, a college, and 6707 inhabitants, who manufacture lace and 

 porcelain. The principal building is that in which the college and 

 pnblia library are establinhed, and which was formerly a theological 

 ■•wtnaiy. Bat^/leiur, an important sea-port in the time of the Norman 

 Uaga of England, stands on the eastern shore of the peninsula of 

 Cotsotin; it is now a mere fiahing vilUge with 1185 inhabitsnts, and 

 ha* • harbour capable of admitting only small craft Edward the 

 Coofessor and the early Norman kings of Kngland used Barfleur as the 

 pott of oonunonication with Normandie. Briequtbec, situated in a 

 ioVMl of ths same name W. of Valognea, has a handsome church, an 

 •Misat miiMd castle, and 4484 inhabitants. There are several iron- 

 ■iMi and minsial springs near this town. North-east of Valognea, on 

 «b* aa^MTi eoast of Cotentin, U the fortress of La-Houguf, which u 

 taOt OD th* isthmns of a peninsuU terminating in Cape La-Hougue, 

 •od defaods the roadstsad of La-Hougne. The roadstead is marked 

 oa» by thrse Ugfats, oos of which U on the fort of La-Hougue. OB 

 the eape on the SMh of May 1692 the French fleet, under Admiral 

 ToorrOle, was oompletely defeated by the oombinsd fleets of England 

 •ad HoUand. MamtAmurf, aE. of Valognas, has 2602 inhabiUuU, 

 who manufacture lace, cutlery, and leather. Sainlt-Uh^kglitt, S. of 

 Montebourg, on the road to Carrntan, has a population of 2894. 

 Jt- J — e m r / «• Viteomtt, a well-built town prattily situated on an 

 — ' 1 abore the Douve, has 2774 inhabitants. 



4. In the fourth arrondiseement the chief town is Oherbourg, which 

 is the subject of a sepaiato aitkk. [CoujiooBa] Bi.-PitrTt£gUte, 



a small town E. of Cherbourg, has 2203 inhabitants, who laanufactur* 

 linen and leather. Let-Pieuj-, a sm.ill place built on a hill near the 

 west coast of Cotentin, is remarkable for the extensive view from it, 

 in which are included the islands of Qucmsey and Jersey, and 20 

 churches on the peninsula. 



5. Of the fifth arrondissement the chief town is Avrancha, which 

 has been alreadv noticed. [Atiunchbs.] Bricey, E. of Avrauches, 

 near the rii^ht bank of the See, has 2462 inhabitants. OranviUe, • 

 sea-port and walled town N.W. of Avranches, has a tribunal of eom- 

 meroe, a naval schsol, and 8347 inhabitants. The town stands on • 

 rocky promontory, and has a well-sheltered harbour, which however 

 is slways dry at low water. Works are now in progress for the im- 

 provement of the harbour generally, and for the construction of wet 

 docks and quays. The streets of the town are narrow and steep ; the 

 only remarkable building is the parish church. The inhabitants of 

 OranviUe are enterprising seamen, and are largely .engaged in the 

 coasting trade, and in the cod, herring, whale, and oyster fisheries. 

 They export com, flour, butter, cider, poultry, cattle, granite-blocks, 

 &C. ; and import wine, brandy, colonial produce, drugs, salt, hemp, 

 soap, oak and deal planks, iron, &c. Ship-building is carried on. 

 Ponlorton, a town of 2000 inhabitants, stands near the mouth of the 

 Couoanon, which separates Normandie from Bretagoe. Near it is the 

 isolated and fortified rock of MorU-StMichd, on which stands the 

 famous abbey dedicated to St Michael the Archangel. The abbey- 

 buildings, after the first French revolution, were made a prison for 

 nobles and priests ; it afterwards became and still is a central prison 

 for several departments. The abbey-church, which springs from the 

 centre of the other buildings, and crowns the summit of the rock, is 

 greatly admired for the beauty of its gothic architecture. St.-Jamet. 

 S. of Avranches, on the Beuvron, has a population of 3236, who trade 

 in com, cattle, flax, and hemp. ViUcdieu, N.E. of Avranches, has 

 3763 inhabitants, who manufacture hardware and plated goods, laoe, 

 and leather. 



6. The sixth arrondissement is named from its chief town Mortaiu, 

 which is situated in the south-east of the department, and has a tri- 

 bunal of firat instance, a college, and 2221 inhabitants. The church 

 of MortAin, founded in 10S2, is a remarkable structure; the castle 

 that formerly stood on the bill above the town is now a heap of ruins. 

 Barentoa, S.E. of Mortaiu, has a population of 3086. St.-Ililaire-dvL- 

 ffarcoutl, near the confines of Normandie, Bretague, and Maine, has 

 large markets for the sale of the cattle, com, and other produce of 

 these provinces : population, 2994. Sourdcval4a-Barre, N. of Mortain 

 on the See, has several paper-mills, manufactures of cutlery and hard- 

 ware, and a popalation of 4339. LeTeUUul, on the borders of Mayenne, 

 9 miles S. from Mortain, has 2539 iuhabitanta. 



The department forms the see of tha Bishop of Coutances, is 

 included in the jurisdiction of the High Court and within the limits of 

 the Univeraity- Academy of Caen, and belongs to the IGth Military 

 Division, of which Kennes is h«td-quarters. It returns 4 members 

 to the Legislative Body of the French empire. 



Besides the communal colleges in the chief towns of arrondisse- 

 ments there are a dioces-on seminary and a secondary ecclesisstioal 

 school iu Coutances, a primary school at St.-LA, and a naval school 

 and academical society in Cherbourg. The Calviuists have two 

 meeting-houses, one at Cherbourg and one at Chdfresne, near Percy. 



{Dictionnaire de la Prance ; Annuaire pour VAn 1853.) 



MANCHESTER, Lancashire, a manufacturing and market-ton'n, a 

 city, the seat of a bishopric, a municipal and parliamentary borough, 

 and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Manchester and 

 hundred of Salford, is situated on the river Irwcll, distant 51 i miles 

 S.S.K. from Lancaster, 31 } miles E. by N. from Liverpool, 183 miles 

 N.W. by N. from London by road, and 188 miles by the NoHh-Wostem 

 railway viA Trent Valley. The cathedral church of Manchester is 

 situated in 63* 29' 6" N. lat, 2° 14' 35' W. long. The population of 

 the city of Manchester in 1841 was 240,367; in 1851 it was 316,213. 

 The population of the entire parish, which contains an area of 84,260 

 •ores, and includes the city of Manchester and its suburb Salford, in 

 1841 was 358,390 ; and 452,158 in 1861. The city is governed by 

 16 aldermen and 48 councillors, of whom one is mayor ; and returns 

 two members to the Imperial Parliament The living of Manchester 

 is a rectory in the archdeaconry and diocow of Manchester. The 

 parish of Manchester is divided into three Poor-Law Unions — Man- 

 chester, Chorlton, and Salford. Manchester Poor-Law Union contains 

 an area of 1577 acres, with a popuUtion in 1861 of 186,987 ; Chorlton 

 Poor-Law Union contains 12 townships and chapelries, with an area 

 of 11,560 acres, and a population in 1851 of 123,806; Salford Poor- 

 Law Union contains 4 townships, with an area of 5308 acres, and • 

 population in 1851 of 87,514. 



Manchester is chiefly built upon low ground on the loft bank of 

 the river Irwell, by which it has a communication with the Mersey, 

 Liverpool, and Uie ocean. Separated from the borough of Manchester 

 by the Irwell, but really forming part of the town, is the municipal 

 and parliamentary borough of Salford. Throughout this article the 

 two boroughs are spoken of as one town. It is situated in a district 

 which contains some of the best coal strata of England, a circumstance 

 to which the place is in no small degree indebted for its prosperity. 

 According to Dr. Dalton (' Memoirs of the Manchester Philosophical 

 Society/ 2nd series, t. iii p. 483, et seq.), the mean height of the 



