﻿MAREMXE. 



MARITZA. 



TOO 



■itaatioD, U now in raini. The town of Mardin ia nearly half-way 

 between DUrbekr and Moeul. and on the road from ConrtauUnople to 

 Bi^luiad. The platform of the rook on which tho town ia built it 

 •boat SSOO feat abore the lerel of the sea. The prospect fW>in it 

 otwr tiM vaat and beautiful pUin to the aonthward ia rery itrilcing. 



Hardin it aaid to be an anoient town and to have been originally 

 oallad Marde or Maride. It waa taken and plundered by Tamerlane. 

 Hnlakoo, graadaon of Qet^^ Khan, attacked it without buoobm. 

 Oaraaa Beg made himielf matter of the place in the beginning of the 

 14th century. 



(Niebuhr; Buckingham; Ainswoiib, ia the London Oeograpkkal 



IfAW Rinilt, the name given in Italy to the unwholesome lowlandt 

 whieh astand along the ooaat of the Mediterranean. The name ia 

 aapeaially applied to the lowlandi of Tuacany and the Papal States, 

 which last are the moat extenaive. The Maremme may be divided into 

 Iwiint The fint faaain begini north of Lucca, and extends along the 

 — eoait as far at Leghorn, louth of which town the ridge of 

 Mootaiiaro projeota at fkr as the tea-coatt This baain extends inland 

 from 10 tf> IS milat to the hills eatt of Pita ; it also inoludea the 

 lowaat part of the eoune both of the Serchio and the Amo, and is 

 eallad M«»>«mm. Pitana. The next basin is that of the Cecina, a 

 (i*«r wliieh enters the tea about 18 miles south from Leghorn. This 

 badn, whieh ia called the Haremma of Volterra, is of small extent, 

 tor the hiUa again approach dote to the sea a few miles south of the 

 ■loath of the Cedna. The third basin begins at Piombino, and 

 eortaoda at Car aa Moote-Aigentaro, a dittanee of about 60 miles in a 

 direct line. It atratohea firom 10 to 20 miles inland, and includes the 

 lower oourse of the rivers Comia, Bruna, Ombrone, and Albegna, and 

 the lakes or marshes of Castiglione and Orbetello. This large tract 

 it called Haremma Senese, beeauie it forma part of the province of 

 Siena. It ia alto called the Haremma of Grotaeto, from the town of 

 that nam* whieh ia situated in the midst of it 



The Roman Haremma, which ia a continuation of that of Siena (for 

 there ia no interruption of hills near tho coast between the one state 

 and the other), begina at the river Peaeia, which marks tho boundary 

 of the two oountnas, and extends aa fiu' at Terracina ou the fh>ntiers 

 of Naples. The whole of this tract, of more than 120 miles in 

 length, ia low and unhealthy ; but ita depth inland is very unequal, 

 owing to various ofiseta of the lower Apennines, and also to detached 

 ridgei which approach the tea wiMiout coming dote to it, and which 

 partly indoae the lowlands. The Roman Haremma may therefore be 

 divided into three baaina : — First, that of tho Lake of Bolsena, 

 including the banks of that lake and the course of ita outlet, the 

 rivw Harta, aa well as the rivers flora, Arone, and Mignone. The 

 mountains of Santa-Fiora, on the borders of Tuscany, bound this 

 baain on the north-west ; and Mount Cimino, which is of volcanic 

 fbnnatioB, on the louth-eait, divides it from the baiin of the Tiber. 

 Hw lower atopa of the ridge of Cimino approach the sea at La-Tolfa, 

 ■Mr QvUkvaoohia. Thitbtudn, which is generally called the Haremma 

 of Oomoto, inolodea the districts of Cometo, Hontalto, Oanino, Castro, 

 and (^vitavecohia. 



The aeoond Ijaain, that of the lower Tiber, extends from Civita- 

 vecchia to Ania The volcanic ridge of the Alban Mount divides it 

 on the aouth-eaat ttom the baain of the PompUne Harshea. A 

 deaeripUon of both, with tome acoonnt of the various phenomena of 

 the toil and atmoaphere, ia given under CaMPAGN^ Di Roma. The 

 Hanmma are of two kinds ; some are marahy, and othen dry, but 

 both are anwholijtome in rammer and autumn. 



The name of Haremma is not commonly oaed in the kingdom of 

 Haplai to darignate the unhealthy lowlands of that country, which 

 art alao esttniive, but the synonymous word Paduli, a corruption of 

 palndi ( m a ra haa), ia used instead. 



The Tutean government haa effiseted great improvementa in the 

 Haromma; parte of the Tutoan marshes have been drained, lakea 

 tmhanked, the pound haa been brought into tillage, and colonies 

 e s t ab l i sh ed. It u remarkable that, although to spend a single night in 

 the Haremma during aommer and autumn is commonly danc^arous, 

 and in aome inttanoaa and plaoea fat^ peitoaa may aleep in open 

 boats olota in ihora with perfeot impnnitv. 



HARKNOO. [ALnsAiTDkiA.] 



HARBMMEa rCaAiiB>n-InrtBiST;BX.1 



MABEOTia rfeoTM.] 



MABOARETTlNQ. [at«x] 



HAROATB, Kent, a tea-port and market-town, and a watering- 

 ri^ '■.I^SJ*''** "* ^*' ■'°'»°> We of Thanet, it titnated in 5V 24' 

 K. lat, 1 » K. long- distant 15 milaa N.E. by E. trom Canterbury, 

 74 milaa B. by & from Loodon by mad. and 101 milet by tha 

 South-Eastam raUway. Tha population of the parish of Bi John to 

 1861 waa »107. Tha living k a vioarage in the archdeacom7 and 

 d l oesaaof Canterbury. 



Mam** la a member of tha eiBqQe.poTt of Dover. The town ia 

 dtaatad oa tho north eoatt of Kent The prindpal streeta are 

 Mcnlvlly eun ^H ti H ed and waU paved ; the town is lighted with gat, 

 ■ad ii wdl tappUad with sptiB>-WBttr. The pubUc buildings, paiadta, 

 t ^ la i o J t , aqaaiw, fte., are of a taperior deecription. The there ia 

 wall adajAad to taa-bathhig. Shiee the formation of nilwayi to tho 

 wmt«rfmphwi on tho tooth eoaat, tha popularity of Hargato haa 



tomawhat declined, but it it still resorted to by laisa numbers of 

 visitors. The old church of St John's has suffered greatly from 

 alterations. Trinity church, erected to 1825, is a handsome edifice, 

 with a tower 135 feet high, whioh aervea aa a aea-mark ; tha Trinity 

 Company having contributed largely towarda ita erection for that 

 purpose. The Wealeyan Hethodirta, Independenta, Baptists, Countasa 

 of Uuntiugdon'i Connexion, and Roman Catholics, have plaoea of 

 worship ; and there are National and Britiah schools, and a literary 

 institution. The Royal Bea-Bathtog infirmary at Weat-Brook, near 

 Haigate, waa eetabliahed for the benefit of poor people, ohiefly from 

 London and ita vicinity. In the town are Drapat'a lioapilal for 

 decayed houaekeepers, and a dispensary. There ia a oonaiderabie 

 fishery, and the fianermen add to their toooma by *— iiTti"c vetaela to 

 dittreat. 



The assembly-room haa externally a wide colonnade of coupled 

 Doric columns. The principal room, which is 87 feet long and 48 feet 

 wide, ia handsomely fitted up. There are a theatre, hatha, librariea, 

 bazaars, &c. The town-ball contains several portraits. The pier waa 

 ereoted under the superintendence of Htasrs. Rennie and Jeesop, at an 

 expense exceeding 100,000<. It is of stone, 900 feet long, and at its 

 extremity is a li^thousei There is a wooden jetty longur than the 

 pier. The Droit-offioe, at the foot of the pier, is rather an ornamental 

 structure. The custom-house is a plain building. The markot-houae 

 ia oommodioas. Wednesday and Friday are the market<laya. The 

 Hatine-terraoe is an excellent tea-aide promenade^ 1500 feet long. 



MAROHERITA. [Oksoa.] 



MARQUERITEa. [Gard.I 



MARIA ISLAND. [Vah Dmaif'g Laxd.] 



MAHIANE ISLANDS [LADBOinn.] 



MARIANO. [CoMO.] 



HARIE-AUX-MINES, SAINTE. rRHW, Hadt.] 



MARIE-GALANTE, an island in the Caribbean Sea, belonging to 

 France, lies about IS milea S. from Ouodaloupa. It is of a circular 

 form, and about 14 miles to diameter. This island was discovered by 

 Columbus in 1493, and was first settled by tha French to 1647. It ia 

 a dependency of Quadaloupe. The surface of Marie-Galante ia of 

 moderate elevation, and rises gradually towards the north ; the westam 

 side is flat The shores are rocky, and without good harbours. The 

 soil is productive, and yields abundantly coffee, sugar, cotton, and 

 cocoa. The population is about 14,000. The only town, Basseterre, 

 or Grand Bonig, stands on the south-west potot of the island, to 

 16° 62' N. lat, 61° 22' W. long. 



MARIENBEHG. [Zwickad.I 



MARIENBURG. [Uanziq, Government of.] 



MAKIKNWEltDER, one of the two governments into which West 

 Prussia is divided, is l>ounded N. by the government of Danzig, E. by 

 that of Iviinigabetg, S. by Poland and Poeen, and W. by Brandenburg. 

 Its area is C759 square miles, and the population m 1847 was 618,800. 

 The government is divided into IS circles. The surface is levcj, to 

 parts marshy. The principal rivers are the Vistula and its feeder tha 

 Brahe. At a little distance fW>m the left bank of the Vistula the 

 BerUn-Konigsberg railway runa down ftvm Bromberg to Daosig. 

 Steamers ply on the Vistula. 



MarientKrdtr, the capital, situated on the Liebe and the Little 

 Nogat, 2 miieH E. from the Vistula (over which there is a pontoon-bridge 

 2700 feet to length), has 6000 tohabitante. It is a very neat town, 

 with four suburbs. It ia the seat of the provtodal courts and the 

 government offloea. There are manufaotoriea of woollens, bate, soap, 

 and leather. The breweries and diatiUeriei are very considerable. 

 The gymnasium of Harienwerder had 14 masters and 248 pupils in 

 1850. The other towns are Thorn, Culm, and Graudenz. T^toni, the 

 birthplace of Kopemik (Copernicus), is a fortified town, 52 milet 

 S. by W. from Harienwerder, on the right bank of the Vistula, here 

 croaed by a long bridge, and haa 10,000 inhabitants. It oonsista of 

 an old and a new town, and hat teveral convents, and manufactures of 

 linen and woollen goods, hosiery, and leather. The gymnasium had 

 18 teaohers and 248 pupils to 1850. Thorn was taken from the Poles 

 to 1703 by Charlea XII., of Sweden, after a four months' si(^. Oulm, 

 or Knltn, on the right bank of the Vistula, with a ]x>pulation of 7000, 

 and aome cloth-factories, stands 24 miles N. by W. from Thorn. It 

 has a Catholic gymnasium, with 13 matters and 277 pupils (to 1860) ; 

 Catholic and Lutheran churches : and a military school. Onmdem 

 alao stands on the right bank of the Vistula, here oroated by a bridge 

 of boats, and has about 7000 inhabitants, who manufacture wooUe* 

 clothe and tobacco, and trade to com. The town is surrounded by a 

 wall, and defended by a strong fortreti whioh commands the courae of 

 the Vistula. At Konitt, a email town of about 8000 tohabitaota, on 

 tho Brahe, 66 milea W. from Harienwerder, there is a Catholic gymna- 

 alum with 15 teachers and 489 pupilt (to 1850). [Pbdssia, Province o£] 



MARIE.STAD. [SwBOEif.] 



MAKIGUAKA. [BABAUAt.] 



MAKING, SAN. [San Habino.] 



MAKIT/A, the modem name of the Hebms, the principal river of 

 Thrace. The baain of the Hebraa is todoeed between the chain of 

 Hemua, or the Balkan, on the north, and Mount Rhodope, the modem 

 Despoto, on tha south; tho first divides it from the basin of the 

 Danube, and tho other from that of the Strymon. Tho Hebrus rises 

 at the foot of Mount Rhodope, to about 42° N. lat, 24° £. long., and 



