﻿701 



MARKKT BOSWORTH. 



MARMORA, 



703 



flowB in an easterly direction for more than 100 miles, receiving nume- 

 rous afBuenta from both chains of mountains : it passes by Tatar 

 Bazardjik, Philippopolis, and Chirmenli (the ancient Assus), where it 

 diverges to the south-east until it reaches Adrlanople, where it is joined 

 by two large streams — the Toonja, or Tonzus, from the north, and the 

 Arda, or Harpessus. After passing Adrianople the Hebrus turns to 

 the south, receives the Erkeneh (the ancient Agrianes), coming from 

 Kirkliseh and the Balkan, flows by Demotica, and after numerous 

 windings enters the Gulf of yKnos by two mouths, opposite the island 

 of Samothrace. The whole course of the Hebnvi is above 300 miles. 

 It is navigable for small craft as far as Adrianople, about one-third of 

 its course. [Balkan Mountains; THRAca] 

 MARKET BOSWORTH. [BoswoRTH.] 

 MARKI:T DRAYTON. [Dbatto.v.] 



MARKKT HARBOROUQH, I^icestershire, a market-town and the 

 seat of a Poor-Law Union in the parish of Bowden Magna, is situated 

 on the left bank of the river Welland, which divides the county from 

 Northamptonshire, in 52° 29' N. lat., 0° 56' W. long., distant 15 miles 

 S.S.E. from Leicester, 83 miles N.W. from London by road, and 

 1004 miles by the North-Western and Rugby and Stamford railways. 

 The population of the town in 1831 was 2325. The living is a per- 

 petual curacy in the archdeaconry of Leicester and diooese of Peter- 

 borough. Market Harborough Poor-Law Union contains 41 parishes 

 and townships, with an area of 62,978 acres, and a population in 1851 

 of 15,764. 



Market Harborough consists of a principal street and several smaller 

 ones, which are lighted with gas and paved. In the main street is the 

 town-hall, a building of which the under part is occupied as shops. 

 The chapel, a commodiovis edifice of the 14th oentury, consists of a 

 nave, two aisles, and chancel, with a fine tower and a lofty octangnlar 

 spire, crocketteid. Wesleyan Methodists, Independents, and Baptists 

 have places of worship. There are National and British school*, a 

 Free school, a dispensary, and a savings bank. The preparation of 

 wool for carpets is carried on. The maiket for cattle and com is held 

 on Tuesday. Fairs are held in April and October. A branch from 

 the Leioesterahire and Northnmptonshir* Union Canal extends from 

 Fozton to Harborough. 

 MARKET RASEN. [Liwcolkbhibb.] 

 MARKET STREET. [HBBTFOBWHiiut] 

 MARKINCH. [FiFESHiKE.] 



MARLIii IROUGH, Wiltshire, a market-town, municipal and parlia- 

 mentary borough, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, is situntiad on 

 the left bank of the river Kennet, in 51" 25' N. lat., 1" 43' W. long., 

 distant 13 miles N.W. from Devizes, and 75 miles W. by S. from 

 London. The population of the municipal borough of Mariborough 

 in 1851 was 3908 ; that of the parliamentary borough was 6135. The 

 borough is governed by 4 aldermen and 12 councillors, one of whom 

 is mayor ; and returns two members to the Imperial Parliament. The 

 livings are in the archdeaconry of Wilts and diocese of Salisbury. 

 Marlborough Poor-Law Union contains 14 parishes and townships, 

 with an area of 39,220 acres, and a population in 1851 of 9374. 



There was a castle at Marlborough in the time of Richard I. A 

 parliament or assembly was held here in the time of Henry III., the 

 laws enacted in which were called the ' Statutes of Malbridge,' one of 

 the older forms of the name, which in Domesday is written Marlberge. 

 The site of the castle is oovered by a large house, which was a seat of 

 the dnkes of Somerset, was afterwards nsed as the Castle Inn, and is 

 now a part of the college. 



The town of Mariborough consists chiefly of one wide street lined 

 with brick houses irregularly built. The market-house for cheese, butter, 

 and com, is an ancient building, having in its upper stoiy a council- 

 chamber, assembly-rooms, and court-house. St. Mary's church is an 

 old edifice, having a freestone tower at the west end, with a Norman 

 doorway : the church of St. Peter and St. Paul has a lofty square 

 tower. There are some remains of an Augustinian priory. Wesleyan 

 Methodists and Independents have chapels. Marlborough College 

 was incorporated in 1845. The number of pupils is not to exceed 

 600, of whom two-thirds must be sons of clergymen, who are charged 

 a much smaller sum yearly than other pupils. In August 1852 the 

 number of pupils was 398. The establishment is under the care of a 

 bsad nnwter and numerous assistant-masters. An excellent library 

 was presented to the college by F. A. M'Geachy, Esq., one of the 

 oonncil. The Royal Free Grammar school, founded by E<lward VI. 

 for the sons of tradesmen and other inhabitants, had 12 free scholars 

 and 28 boarders in 1863. There are also National, British, and Infant 

 schools. There is a savings bank. The trade of Marlborough ix chiefly 

 in coal, com, and malt. Before the opening of the Great Western 

 railway it was one of the chief posting towns between London and 

 Bath and Bristol There is a small ma»et on Wednesday, and a more 

 important one on Saturday. Fairs are held on July 11th, August 22nd, 

 sod November 23rd. A comity court is held. 

 MARLE. [AraNE.] 



MAULOW, GREAT, Bnckinghamnhire, a muncipal and parlia- 

 mentary borough, in the parish of Great Marlow, is situated on the 

 left bank of the Thames, which forms the southern border of the 

 eonnty, in 61' 84' N. lat, 0° 46' W. long., distant about 23 miles 

 8. by E. from Aylesbury, and 31 miles W. by N. from London. 'The 

 population of the parliamentary borough in 1851 was 6523. The 



living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Buckingham and diocese of 

 Oxford. 



The situation of the town is pleasant and picturesque, and the 

 scenery of the Thames here is very agreeable. There are two principal 

 streets and three smaller ones. The parish church is a handsome 

 structure of modem erection, with a lofty spire. Wesleyan Methodists, 

 Independents, Baptists, and Roman Catholics have places of worship. 

 The Free School, founded in 1624 for the education of 24 poor boys of 

 Marlow and two neighbouring parishes, had 24 scholars in 1852. There 

 are a National school, and almshouses for six poor widows. The 

 suspension-bridge erected over the Thames in 1835, has a span from 

 pier to pier of 75 yards. There are two large paper-mills and two 

 breweries at Marlow ; a good trade is carried on in corn, coals, and 

 timber, and lace caps are made. A large horse and cattle fair is held 

 on October 29th. Races are held in August, and the town is much 

 resorted to in the season by anglers. 

 MARLY. [Seine-etOise.] 

 MARMANDE. [Lot-et-Garonne.] 



MA'RMORA, or MARMARA, SEA OF, the PropontU of the 

 ancients, is situated between the Grecian Archipelago and the Black 

 Sea, communicating with the former by the Dardanelles, the ancient 

 Hellespont, and with the latter by the Strait of Constantinople, the 

 ancient Bosporus. Towards the east it terminates in the long and 

 narrow Gulf of Ismid, and towards the south-east in the Gulf of 

 Hudanieh. These were respectively the Astaoenus or Olbianus Sinus 

 (afterwards the Gulf of Nicomedia) and the Cianus Sinus of the 

 ancients. The Greek geographers, before the time of Ptolemy, repre- 

 sent Hs greatest length in a direction nearly north and south, instead 

 of east and west, placing the Thracian Bosporus and the Hellespont 

 on the same meridian. 



Herodotus gives the length of the Propontis at 1400 stadia, and its 

 breadth at 500 stadia (iv., 85) : he allows 400 stadia as the length of 

 the Hellespont. Strabo (p. 126, Casaub.) gives 1500 stadia as the 

 length of the Propontis from Byzantium to the Troad, and reckons 

 its breadth nearly the same. He also places the Hellespont and the 

 Bosporus under the same meridian, and it is not until the time of 

 Ptolemy that we find the Propontis beginning to assume an inclina- 

 tion from west to east, and even then the error in its position received 

 but a slight correction. 



The Sea of Marmora is comprehended between 40° 18' and 41° 5' 

 N. lat, 26° 40' and 30' 5' E. long. Its extreme length, from west to 

 east, including the Gulf of Ismid, is about 1 60 geographical miles ; 

 from strait to strait, in a west-south-west and eost-uorth-east direc- 

 tion, 110 miles; and its greatest breadth is 43 miles. Its shores are 

 described by modem travellers as highly cultivated and picturesque, 

 with a greater boldness of character on the Asiatic than on the 

 European side. The depUi of this sea is in many parts very consider- 

 able, 133 fathonu about 6 miles north-east of Marmora Island, and 

 about the same distance due north of it no bottom at 355 fathoms ; 

 from which we may infer that the depth is very much greater mid- 

 way between the two shores. There is no tide in the Sea of Marmora ; 

 but a current sots through it from the Bosponis, varying its velocity 

 according to the season and the prevailing winds, and continuing its 

 course through the Dardanelles to the Archipelago. Its navigation 

 is by no means diflicult ; it is generally free from dangers, and good 

 anchorage may be found all along its northern shore, under its various 

 islands, and inside the peninsula cf Artaki, or Erdek. 



The most remarkable islands in this sea are, Marmora (from which 

 the sea takes its name), Rabi, and Liman-Pasha, occupying its western 

 division ; Papa, or Kalolimno, off the Gulf of Mudanieh ; and the group 

 called Demonesi, or the Princes Islands, near the Asiatic shore, about 

 10 miles south-east of Constantinople. The Princes Islands are nine in 

 number, two of which, Oxeia and Rata, are uninhabited. Of the 

 others, Prinkipos (the ancient Pityusa) and Kalki (the ancient Chal- 

 citis) were once distinguished for their copper-mines. Their scenery 

 is described as being very beautiful, and the Frank merchants of 

 Pera and others have their summer residences on them. 



The remarkable peninsula of Artaki was formerly an island, on 

 which stood the once flourishing city of Cyzious, the ruins of which 

 are still to be seen, and which coufirm the historical testimony of its 

 opnlence. The modem town of Artaki, or Erdek, which gives its name 

 to the peninsula, and which is thought to occupy the site of the 

 ancient Artace, is said to contain about 4000 inhabitants, and has 

 some trade in wine, oil, and silk. 



In addition to Constantinople, at the entrance of the Bosporus, and 

 Gallipoli, at the entrance of the Dardanelles, the principal towns of the 

 Sea of Marmora ore, Rodosto, Erekli, and Silivri, on the northern, and 

 Kemer, Karabughaz, Fanormo, and Mudanieh, on the southern 

 shore. There is also Ismid, at the head of the gulf of that name, and 

 Gumehlek, or Kemlik, at the head of the Gulf of Mudanieh. Tlie 

 chief rivers which enter this sea are the Tchorlu and the latidji, in 

 Europe, and the Kojah-cha! (the ancient Granicus), the Ghonen-chai 

 (the ancient .(Esepns), and the Edrenos (the ancient Rhyndaous), in 

 Asia. There are two other rivers on the Europeon side, the Karaau 

 and Tasli. [Anatolia.] 



MA'RMORA, or MARMARA (the ancient Proconnesus), is an island 

 in the Sea of Marmora. It was early celebrated for its marble 

 quarries, from which Cyzicus and other neighbouring cities were 



