﻿IW 



HARNHULL. 



MAROCCO. 



■fer« of tha Fknoillea Mottntiiiua, *nd on tha Aponoa, > faedcr of the 

 Sitea. It i» ftrvqusntad ehirfljr by persona troubled with pitral7«ii 

 and with i^n-ahot wouada, and bm a militafy hoapitsl with 545 beds, 

 40 of which are for ofloers. The regular seanon is from Mar to 

 Oetober; but the baths are freqaentad more or less daring the whole 

 Tear. Fxgl-Bi'lot, 8.R of Langrni, hM 8505 inhabiUnts. Mmligny- 

 U-Koi. a small town of ISOO iuhabitanta, deeerrea notice on account 

 of ita sitantioD near the aonroe of the Mease. 



8. Of the third arrondivement the oUef town, Vatty, is prettily 

 dtaatedontherightbankof theBfauee.in 48* 30' 2' N. Iat.,4' 57'U' 

 & long., 691 feet abore the lerel of the sea, 23 mtlea N. iVom Chnu- 

 moBt, and has a tribana] ot first initanoe, a eoUe)^, and 2826 inhabit- 

 anta, who mannfisetare calico, dnif^t, Ironmongery, pottery, and 

 leather, lliere are serersl iroo-fm-ges and smelting woriu near Vaasy. 

 JoimwiUt, situated on the Mame, at the foot of a hill, on the summit 

 of which formerly stood the castle of the Sires de Joinrille, has 

 several iron-worku, and 3196 inhabitants. The Duke of Orl^ns, 

 father of Lonia Philippe, king of Fmnee, had the castle demolished 

 in 1790; the church reTnain'-d till 1792, when it was destroyed, with 

 tka tombs of the lonis of Joinville and all the curious relics it con- 

 tained. In 1841 such of the remains as had been preserved or 

 rseovered were solemnly dopo«tted in the cemetery of the town, and 

 a tomb, with a suitable inscription, was erected over them at the 

 expense of Louis Philippe. Woollen boeiery, drugget, tartan, linen, 

 troollen-yam, and serge are manufactured in this town. Sl.-Diiier, a 

 well built town, with wide regular streets, stands on the right bank 

 of the Mnme, whirh here begins to be navigable at a distance of 9 

 miles north from Va«sy, and has a tribunal of commerce, a college, 

 and 5705 inhabitant. The town-hall and the remains of an ancient 

 castle are the roost interesting stmoturea in the town. Its chief 

 indmtrial establishments are iron-furges and foundries, boat-building 

 yards (which turn out a great number of river and canal boata, 

 oommonly of about 100 tons burden), nnd cotton factories. There is 

 also a considerable trade in plmks, ship timber, and in wine casks. A 

 branch railway. 11 miles long, connects St.-i>izier with the Paris- 

 Straabotirg railway, which it joins at the Blesmes station. 



The department form» the see of the Bishop of Lanj»re5 ; ia included 

 in the jurisdiction of the High Court and within the limits of the 

 Cniversity-Acad-my of Dijon, and belonga to the 7th Military Divi- 

 sion, of which Brs>n;on is head-quarters. It rettuna 2 members to 

 the Legislative Body of the FVench empire. 



There are at Langrea a dioee.«an seminary and a preparatory ecclesi- 

 astical school; and communal colleges in Chanmont, Langres, St-Dizier, 

 and Vaasy. 



{DleH o i u i m i n de la Prance ; Annwure pour FAn 1853 ; Slatittiqne 

 de la France ; Official Papere.) 

 MARNHULL. [Doksetsbire.] 



MAROCCO , ealle.1 hy the natives MogVribel-acsh ('the farthest 

 west"), or bric8y Mogh'rib, whence the inhabitants are called Mogh- 

 ribina, is an emphw in Northern Africa, which extends from south 

 to north between 87* and 36* K. lat, the most northern districts 

 forming the routhem coast of the Strait of Qibraltar, and from east 

 to west between 1' 20' and 11* SO* W. long. It is bounded N. by 

 the MediterTanean, W. by the Atlantic Ocean, S. by the Sahara, and 

 E. by AlgMe. Its surface is estimated at 274,000 square miles, and 

 ita population at 8,500,000. 



Surface and Soil ; Coael. — The surface of this extensive countnr is 

 extremely diveraifiad by mountaiiM, hills, plains, and valleys. The 

 Atlas traverses it in its greatest length, running, at some distance 

 from ita southern and eastern bounSaiy, from Capo Nun on the 

 Atlantic Ocean to Cape dell' Acqua, west of the mouth of the river 

 Mulwia, on the Mediterranean. Tha general direction of the Atlas 

 it from south-west to north-east ; south of 82° N. lat. it is called the 

 Greater Atlas, and north of it the Ijessor Atlas. [Atlab.] The Oreater 

 Atlai^ towartis its southern extremity, conaisti of two ranges, both 

 tal^aafalg as«r the Atiautic ; tha aoutoem, coinmoncing at <>pe Nun 

 (•Mrtll of S9* N. Ut), is called Mount Adrar, and the northern, oom- 

 wn fag at Cape Oher (south of 81' N. kt), or Ras Afemi, bean tiie 

 ■n* Of Mount Bebanaa. The two ranges noHe about 81° X. lat., and 

 •boot 100 miles tnm Um tbora, formuig tb« Jebel Telge, oommonly 

 •ailed Um Oreat Atlas. Between thea* two ranges n the plain of 

 Taradant, or Sa»«l-aeak. Both tlia ranges, m w«U as the remainder 

 m tha Onaater Atlaa, are eovarsd with tnow for several months in the 

 ; bot iwobaUy nooa of tha summiti attaina the limit of perpetual 

 -•-"m The Qrsater Atka b not very wide, being gmierally 

 in two or three days. Two mountain paaaea lead over 

 not &r from Cape Oher, and 

 m farther east, which oonnecta 

 i PVoga, in tte plains of Maroeco. A third 

 lUada from the town of Tatta in l>rali, or Darea, to the city of 

 H«*Mk Th« istrrior of the tnoge eonaima of ridges and valleys, and 

 mmMmi alM Bomlaia |>lalu : H ia well c.iltivatad in some parts, 

 Md ia otfaan It servaa aa paatun^ground : toward* tiw aouthem 

 dwilvlty H is nearly a bare rock. 

 Between 81 



Moot fcJmuw . one ealled Babanan, n 

 ■mMmt mXUi BeUvin, aboot «0 mUee I 

 lh« tows of Taradaat with FViura. in tte 



widlkori 



m 81° and 82° «. tet., and near 8* W. long., where the range 

 ra is tlM Borlh, awi Ukn the name of the Lener Atlas, the 

 tlM nag* iaariMli oonaidenil.lT, and as moat of the large 



WMIft or tiM nag* Hbt im h oonsideraMT, and as moat of the large 

 rivan ifa* ia tUs part ot the Atlaa, it is probable that the highest 



summits oooor hare. M. Caillitf however, who traversed this part of 

 the Atlas a little wast of 4" W. long., does not mention any elevation 

 of the summits, nor does he speak of snow on the mouotitina. The 

 Less e r Atlas, though, acooivling to appearances, much less elevated 

 than the Greater Atlas, prubably occupies a greater width, aendinf 

 lateral branchaa to the east and west, between which there are fertile 

 valleys. Near 84* N. lat, 4* W. long., the Leaaer Atlaa divides into 

 two branches, of which the eastern runs north-eaat and terminates at 

 Cape deir Aoqua ; the other, ealled Er-Kiff (the RifT, the coast popu- 

 lation of which region are addicted to piracy), turns firat north-wett, 

 then west, and again north-west, until it terminates in the high and 

 mountainous coast which forms the southern shore of t "f 



Gibraltar, between Punti di Africa, near Ceuta, on the en e 



•Spartel on the west. The country whidi is included bisintrvu m^na 

 two lateral ranges of the Leaser Atlas and the Mediterranean Sea is 

 the moat, extensive mountain region in Marooco. Though the moun- 

 tains do not rise to a great elevation, the whole tract is covered with 

 maasea of bare rock, with narrow valleys between them. The whole 

 coast line along the Mediterranean, which from Twunt, or Tawunt, to 

 Cape Spartel is about 320 miles, is high and rocky. Level tracts of 

 inconsiderable extent occur at the mouths of the small rivers ouly. 

 Mount Abvlo, opposite the rock of Gibraltar, rises to a considerable 

 height. [Cecta.] 



The elevated and rocky coast continues along the Atlantic nearly •■ 

 far south as the mouth of the river El Khos, or Luoooa The cnnntry 

 adjacent to the coast is raUier hilly than mountainous, t i -Mr 



rooky masses rise to 2600 feet ,- the soil is mostly gravelly. us 



only a aoauty vegeiation, wiUi a few trees. The river (n a 



traverses an immense plain called M'shiara-er-Rumla, w i U 



eastward to the ranges of the Lesser Atlaa, and south. i.^ :hc 



banks of the river Seboo. Its surface is partly level, anl partly 

 traversed by low ranges of hills. Ita slope towards the Atlantic 

 appeara to be gradual, as the rivers make numerous bends in the plain 

 and have a gentle course. On its western border the sea has formed 

 a range of sandhills, by which several small riven are prevented from 

 reaching the ocean, and form along the shores two lakes, the smaller 

 of which, Mnley Buselham, is 5 miles long, and the larger, Murja Kas- 

 el-Dowla, 20 miles long by a mile and a half broad. The rani;e of 

 sandhills which separates these lakes from the sea is about 250 feet 

 high. The harbours abng this low coast are nearly filled up with 

 saud, and can only be entered by small vessels. The plain of M'shiara- 

 er-Kanila, though the soil is light, is very productive in com, and 

 contains excellent posture-groumls. It is also connected on the east 

 with the fertile valley that extends eaat of the town of Fez, between 

 the ofisets of the l.,eHser Atlas. 



The plains continue south of the Seboo River to the banks of the 

 Oom-er-Begh, or Morbeya, and still farther south ; but they gradually 

 change their character, and their fertility greatly diminishes. The 

 country also rises from the sea-shore, which in many places ia rocky 

 and inaccessible, and extends in wide plains ascending like terraces 

 one above the other, the eastern being always some hundred feet 

 higher than that immediately west of it, until at the base of the 

 Leaser Atlaa they probably attain an elevation of 400Q feet The 

 inferior fertility of these plains seems to depend more on tho climate 

 than the soil, which chiefly consists of a light loam. Water ia found 

 only at the depth of from 100 to 200 feet The rivers nm in ohan- 

 nels aeveral feet below the sui-faco of the plains. Only isolated spots 

 ore cultivated, and there are no trees except stunted palms. 



A range of liills, rising between 500 and 1200 feet above the plains, 

 divides them frum the southeni plain, which extends along the base 

 of the Oreater Atlas. \\'hcre the town of Maroeco is situated, from 

 which it obtains the name of the Plain of Maroeco, it is about 25 miles 

 wide, but it grows still wider ns it advances westward. This plain, 

 which is drained by tho river Tensift, ia about 1500 feet high near 

 the town ; but it grows lower towards the sea, and t< nniuates, 

 between Cape Cantin and Mogadore, in a low shore, generally sandy, 

 and sometimes rocky. In fertility it i.s much superior to tho central 

 plains. An isolated man called Hadid, or Iron Hills, rises 2200 feet 

 in height near the coast between the mouth of Teusift and Mogadur. 



Tha plain of Tarudant, which is the most aonthorn, lies between 

 the ranges of the Bebauan, or Western Atlas, and Adrar, or Southern 

 Atlas Mountains. It appears to bo traversed nearly in tho middle by 

 a range of bills which divide it into two wide valleys. The northern 

 is level, and of great fertility, as the extensive woods and plantations 

 of olive-trees show, but the greater part of it is uncultivated. It is 

 drained by the river Sous which rises on the south side of the Western 

 Atlas, and is joined near Tamdant by a tributary which flows from 

 the Southern Atlas ; from Tarudant the river flows west to its mouth 

 in the Atlantic, a few miles south of Agadir. The southern valley il 

 drained by the Messa and the Nourvar Wadal-Aksa. To tho south 

 of the mouth of the Messa tho shore is formed by a hilly ridge 

 surmounted by many lofty peaks, terminating to southward in a 

 plateau about 80O feet high, to the north of which is the projection 

 of Cape Nun, and an exteDsive sandy waste which here intervenes 

 between the hills and the sea northward as far as 29° N. lat The 

 river Nun flows into the Atlantic along tho southern base of the 

 table-land, and forms part of the southern boundary uf Maroeco. 



The oonntriea east of Mount Adrar and south of the Greater Atlas, 



