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UAROCCO. 



UAROOOO. 



ni 



Ihair bouiei are iilwavs built ur itooo* uxl covered with tUoi or d&Mi- 

 Vhty an tes rolnint tlmn tlio Berben ; their colour !« nilow, and thoy 

 NaambU in •oma roapecta tba Portugnana, from whom aome aiithora 

 tliink they are defoaoded. They are ma6h more advanced in oivili- 

 aation tliao the Berbera. 



The Moon are the moat nutnerons of the ontion* that inhabit 

 llarosoa Their language, which it called Moghreb, is n diiilect of 

 the Arabic ; but it ia intermixed with many worda from the Innguage 

 of the Amnzir|L-lii«, and atlll more with Spaniah worda. The latter 

 circumaUoce may be aacribed to the emigration of their anceatora 

 from Spain after the conqueat of Oranada. Tbeie emigranta aettled 

 in the towna and plaina along the Atlantia 



The Moors of Marocco are of middling aize, and rather slender 

 when yonog, but they grow atout aa they advance in years. Their 

 oolonr Tariea between yellow and black, which is principally to be 

 aaeribed to their frequently marrying black women from Sudan. 

 They are the only nation of Marocco with which the Europeans hare 

 an immediate intercourse, and they are the principal inhabitants of 

 the towns ; they fill the high offices of goremmeiit, and form the 

 military class. 



The Arabs are the descendanta of thoan who emigrated at the time 

 when the Mohammedan religion was diffused from Arabia. A few 

 families live in the towns, but the Beduins are dispersed over the 

 plaioa, where they adhere to their wandering life, living in tents, and 

 following the pastoral occupation. They are a hardy race, alightly 

 made, and under the middle rizo. Their language is the Koreisb, or 

 Arabic of the Koran, which they pretend to speak in its purity. 



The Jews are intermixed among all these nations : their condition 

 is beat among the Berbers, where they follow different trades ; but 

 among the Shelluhs and Moors they are much oppressed, and exposed 

 to the most ignominious treatment. They are very numerous in the 

 sea porta and commercial towns. 



The negroea, who are imported as slaves, frequently obtain their 

 liberty; and as they are di<tingiiiahe<I by fidelity they form the 

 emperor's body-guard, which is the only standing army of the 

 empire. 



ilmnifaeturtt. — As the inhabitants dress chiefly in wool, the manu- 

 facture of woollen-doth is general ; in some of the towns there are 

 manufactories on a large scale. In the town of Fez the red caps are 

 made which arc used in all the countries that border on the Moiliter- 

 raneao, beaides several kinds of silk goods, linen, and leather. The 

 inbsbitanta of Fez are also diittinguished as goldsmiths, jewellers, and 

 cutters of precious stones. Tanning is well understood. Very good 

 leather is made in the neighbourhood of the towns of VA Kasar and 

 Mekines. The tanyards in the city of Marocco are very extensive, and 

 the leather which they produce is superior to luiy made in Europe. 

 The tanners possess the art of tanning the skins of lions and panthers, 

 and giving them a snow-white colour, with the softness of silk. The 

 Maroooo leather of the o^iital is yellow, that made in TaHlet green, 

 and in Fez it is dyed red. Their bright colours are considered inimit- 

 able in Europe. Very good sole-leather is made in Rsbatt and Tetuan. 

 Silks, embroidered goods, and leather are the staple manufactures of 

 the capitaL Carpets are chiefly made in the province of Ducalla, 

 south of the river Oom-erbegb, and are known in Europe by the name 

 of Turkey carpets. 



Potilical Divition and TWiu. — The empire of Marocco is composed 

 of the two kingdoms of Fez and Marocco, of which the farmer occu- 

 piei the banin of the Mulwia and the countriea north of the river Oom- 

 er-begh ; the kingdom of Marocco comprehends the remainder, with 

 tie exception of the countriea south of the Oreater Atlas and Mount 

 Ikbuan, which are conaidered aa a separate kingdom, called that of 

 TaSlrt At present the whole country is divided into 30 governments, 

 of which IS belong to Fes and 15 to Marocco. In the latter the 

 coontry between Mount Bebauan and Mount Adrar is included. The 

 eonotrles of Draha, Tafilet, and Segelmesa are divided into two other 

 governments. 



Along the coast of the Mediterranean the Spaniards possess Melilla, 

 Bear Kas-ul-dir, or Cape Tret Forcas, and farther westward Alhucemas 

 aad Penon do Vilcz, three email fortresses, which have do communi- 

 cation with the interior. 



Not far from the Strait of Oibroltar is Tetuan, built on the declivity 

 of a hill, about half a mile from a small river (Martil) which falls into 

 the Mediterranean about five miles from the town : the mouth of the 

 river forma a harbour for Teasels of middling aize. It carries on a 

 aoDsiderabU commerce with Spain, Franco, and Italy, exporting wool, 

 bwiqr, wax, leather, hides, cattle, mules, sad fruits, of which the valley 

 of Tetuan produces abandance of the finest quality. The streets are 

 narrow and unpaved : the population is 20,000. 



Nsar the eaatom entrance of the Strait of QibralUr ia the Spanish 

 town of CVa/o [CsuTAJ, and near the wttbtm entrance the town of 

 Ttmffur, where European consols reside. Tangier is built on a hill, 

 near a spacious l«y, U miles W. from (;ape Spartel, and iU harbour 

 U dstoded by three amaU fortreaaea. The streeU are wider and 

 straight«r than in other towns of the empire ; but except the houses 

 of the Euroi>ean eoosob, and a few Iwlonving to rich persons, they are 

 all small and ioooBvenient The Jews have ben several synagogues, 

 and the llnman Catholics have a chnrob, the only Christian establlsb- 

 laent of this kind in the ampira. The coromsro* of this place is limited 



to some trade with Gibraltar and the opposite const of Spain : the 

 popuUtinn is about 10,000. 



Along the Atlantic, from north to south, are the following towns : — 

 El-A rauA, or Larath, at the mouth of the river El Kos, containing 4000 

 inhabitants, has a good harbour ; the bar at the mouth of the river bos 

 16 feet of water at springtides, and spacious anchuring-i;rounil within, 

 with water enough for frigate*. Sit, SaU, or Bailee, and RabatI, an 

 separated from each other by the river Bu Regreb, which forms their 

 common harbour : they contain together 30,000 inhabitants. SoM, 

 formerly noted for the boMnessof its pirates, is badly built and partly 

 in ruins ; but Kabatt is a thriving town, and has some good streets. 

 Said is still the principal commercial port of Marocco, though a portion 

 of its trade has been transferred to Mogadore. The principal articles 

 of exportation are — wool, com, and wax, and the manufactured goods 

 of Fez and Mekinez. The European and East India goods, destined 

 for Fez and the northern provinces, are imported through this town. 

 Saffi, or Ati,fl, farther south, not far from Cape Cantin, ia between two 

 hills in a valley, and is subject to inundations. It fonu-'riy exported 

 many products of the country, as its roadstead atl'ords excellent 

 anchorage ; but since the riae of Mogadore it has been on the decline : 

 the |>opidation is 12,000, including SOOO Jews. 



Mogador, or Suera, as the Moghrebins call it, the port of the town 

 of Morocco, lies on the sea-shore between Cape Cantin and Cape Oher. 

 It was founded in 1 760. The town is built on a low shore, consisting 

 of moving sand, which extends from S to 15 miles inland, where a 

 fertile country begins. It ia regularly built, the streets being straight 

 but somewhat narrow. The Europeans settled here have erected 

 several large buildings in the African style. The town is divided 

 into two parts, one of which is called the Fortress, and contains the 

 cu.<itom-bouse, the palace of the pasha, the other public buildings, and 

 the bouses of Europeans ; the other part is only inhabited by Jews. 

 The harliour is formed by a small iaiaud lying south-west of the toivn, 

 and about two miles iu circumference. At low tides there are only 

 10 or 12 feet of water in the harbour, and large vessels are obliged to 

 anchor without, at a distance of abo<it two miles. The commerce of 

 this place is considerable : the population ia stated to amount to 30,000. 

 The towna of Mogador, Tangiers, Sallec, and liabatt, suffered severely 

 in 1844, when they were bombarded by the French fleet under Prince 

 de Joinville. [AuifeRiE, vol L col. 212.] 



Agadir, or HarUa Cruz, farther south, has a good harbour, and for- 

 merly carried on a considerable trade, which however was transferred 

 to Mogador by order of the government. 



In the interior there ore several populous towns, of which the fol- 

 lowing are the principal : — Teza, or I'caa, on one of the upper branchea 

 of the Seboo Uiver, in a very fertile country, has 10,000 or 12,000 

 inhabitants, some manufactures, and a considerable trade with Tlemson 

 in Algiers (being situated near one of the most frequented passes of 

 the Lesser Atlas), and with Fez. At Kcutar or A'sur, on the El Kos 

 River, is well built, and has some manufactures, with about 8000 

 inhabitants. 



Fez, or Fat, the moat industrious and commeroial town of the empire, 

 ia situated in a valley which is drained by one of the npper branches 

 of the Seboo River. It contains upwards of 100 mosques and 7 public 

 schools. The mosque called El iCarubin is a magniftoent building, 

 and that of Mula Uriss, the founder of the town (K07), is the object 

 of many pilgrimages, ami is an asylum for thieves and murderers. The 

 imperial palace, with the buildings and gardens annexed to it, occupies 

 a great space. The number of persons employed iu manufactures is 

 considerable. Every trade is carrie<l on in a separate street ; generally 

 only one kind of goods is sold iu each shop. The commerce of this 

 town with the seaports, especially liab.ttt, and by means of the cara- 

 vans with Tunis, Knhira, and Sudan, is very great. The streets are 

 narrow, and, owing to the great height of the houses, alao dark ; there 

 are numerous extensive caravansaries : the population is variously 

 estimated at from 20,000 to 88,000. 



Mekina, or Mtkiuu, west of Fez, a laige town built on a hill in a 

 wide and fertile plain, has also narrow crooked streets. It has many 

 manufactures, especially of leather. The imperial palace is more than 

 two miles in cirouit, and has large oreharda and gardens annexed to 

 it : the population is 66,000. A large portion of the imports into Sallee 

 is sent to Mekinez, where there are large magazinea of the principal 

 products of Marocco and the neighbouring statea, 



Tffza is situated in one of those fine valleys which are watered by 

 the numerous branches of the Oom-er-begh, not far from the base of 

 the Atlaa. It has large manufactures of woollen-cloths, some of which 

 are exported to Italy and elsewhere : the population is 10,500. 



Ikm.net, or Diamtt, a considerable place east of the town of Marocco, 

 near the base of a branch of Mount Atlas, carries on a considerable 

 trade. The oaravaoa which go from Marocco to Draha and Sudan here 

 begin to ascend the mountain-pass which leads to Tatta. 



itarocco, the capital of the empire and the residence of the sultan, 

 is situated on level ground 4 miles S. from the river Tcnsift, and is 

 surrounded by a strong wall 80 feet high, with sijuaru turrets at every 

 50 poce.i. The walls, which are pierced by 11 gate-entnmces, ore near 

 6 iiiileii in cirouit ; but the area inclosed is far from beiug covered with 

 buildings, there being several large gardens and many spaces unocciipic<l 

 or oovere^l with ruins. The streets are narrow, irregular, tiltliy, and 

 in many cases crossed by walls with arches aud gates, separating the 



