﻿r» 



MAKTLHr. 



MABTLAMD. 



710 



Poit-RoykI, both on the wnt ii<)e of the iiUnd; the former U in 

 14* H' N. lat., 6V H' \V. lonj., an.l the latter (which ia the oipital) 

 io U* 35' N. Ut, 61* 7' W. long. Purt-Koyal, the residcDCa of the 

 goremor, stuida on the north aide of a deep and well-sheltered Uty, 

 protocted by a fort which covera the whole aurface of • peniuauw 

 mod conimanda the town and harbour. Duriug the war unil whiie 

 Martinique waa in poaaeaaiun of the £ngliah, Fort-Koyid was the 

 nparal rendesroua and bead-quarten of the fleet atatioued in the 

 West lodiea. The Diamond Ruck, which ia about 3 leagues aouth- 

 ■oatb-eaat from Port-Royal Bay, waa taken poeaaaaion of by the 

 Engliah between the breaking out of the war in 1802 and the capture 

 of the ialand in ISIO, and waa eommiaaioned and ratad aa a aloqp of 

 war in the Britiah nary. St-Pierre ia an open roadstead, aflording 

 Tery iudiiferent aheltar to ahipping, but it i« the principal place of 

 trade in the ialand, and ia aaid to be the handiomest town in the 

 Weat Indiea. It consiata of three apaciona aireeta parallrl to the beach, 

 and aeTanl tranarcrae itreets. Streama of water are convoyed through 

 tba principal streeta, and impart a degree of freahness to the air moat 

 daaiiabla ia ao warm a climate. 



The popalation of the island, including liberated alaTcii, on Jan. 2, 

 1848, numbered 120,179, thua distributed : — The town and communo 

 of St-Pierre. 20,360 ; Port-Royal, or aa it is otherwise culled, Fort- 

 de-France, 12,611 ; and the remainder among the other 21 communes 

 of the island. 



The chief products of the ialand are atigar, molaaaes, and rum. 

 Other product* are coffee, cotton, cacao, and olorea. The quantity of 

 ■ugar exported from Martinique to France in 1848 waa 19,731,892 

 kilogrammea; in 1849, 18,391,600 kilos.; in 1850, 14,242,200 kilos. ; 

 in 1851, 19,715,530 kiloa. ; and in the Bmt aix mouths of 1852, 

 15,829,683 kiloa. The island ia aubject to earthquakes and yellow 

 ferer, and often mokes great ravagea among the population. 



Martinique, the native name of which is aaid to have bc«n Madiana, 

 waa diacoTered by the Spaniarda in 1493; colonised by the French in 

 1685 ; taken by the Engliah in 1762, and again in 1794 and 1810; and 

 reetored finally to France inl814. Ita origimd inhabitanta were Coribs, 

 of which race there is none left on the island. 



MARTLEY, Worcestershire, a Tillage and the seat of a Foor-Law 

 Union in the parish of Martley, is situated near the left bank of the 

 river Teme, in 52' 14' N. lat, 2* 21' W. long., dUtant 8 mUee N. W. by 

 W. from Worcester, and 118 mile* N.W. by W. from London. The 

 population of the parish in 1861 was 1309. The living is a rectory 

 in the archdeaconry and dioceae of Worcester. The church, which 

 is of the 18th century, haa a good painted east window. There are 

 Kational achool>, in which are incorporated an old foundation for a 

 boys aohool, and one founded about a century ago for girls. Martley 

 Poor-Law Union oontaina 28 parishes and towuahips, with an area of 

 80,781 acre*, and a popuUtion in 1851 of 18,791. 



MARTOCK. [SOUEBSETSHIRE.] 



MARTOa [Jaes.] 



MARVEJOLa [LoziBK.] 



MAKWAK. [HixDnsTAN.J 



MARYBOROUGH, Irehmd, the chief town of Qneen'a County, is 

 ■ituated on the Triogue, a tributanr of the Barrow, in 53° 2' N. lat, 

 7* 18' W. long., 611 miles S.W. by W. from Dublin by road, and 60J 

 miles by the Great Southern and Weatem railway. The population of 

 the town in 1851 was 2079, besides 55 in the hoapital, 223 in the 

 Innatio asylum, and 278 in the juil. The town couaista of a long 

 irregular atraet on the Dublin and Limerick road, with several 

 branehea on both aide*. It contains a neat church erected in 1803, a 

 Roman Catholic chapel, three chapela for Dissenters, and two National 

 ■cfaool*. In the town are the county court house, the jail, the infir- 

 mary, a large infantry barrack, a bridewell and a fever huepital. The 

 Loniatio Aaylum for Longford, Weslmeath, King's County, and Queen's 

 County, is a spacious and handsome building, standing in a well-pUnted 

 iDcloaur* of 22 acre*. The aaaizes are held in the town, aa are also 

 quarter and petty sessions. Fairs are held eight times a vear. The 

 market^a^ is Thursday. In the centre of the town are the remains 

 of an aoctaot castle. The town was named after Queen Uary, in 

 WboM reini th* county was formed. 



MARYLAND, one of the United SUtea of North America, being 

 H« mort southern of what are known a* the Middle Stotea, lie* 

 MtWMM 88* and 89* 48' N. Ut, 75* 3' and 79* 82' W. long. It b 

 •MUtd*! E. by the Atlantic Ocean and the state of Delaware, N. by 

 Fna^lvania, W. by a atnight line along 79* 82' W. long, from th* 

 noaajrlvaiiiaa boundary to the Potomac, which divides it from 

 H*^^ ^f^«f^»\10' N.jat, from which point to Cheaapeiie 



' and 



— I square milea. The 



total popolaUon in 1860 was 588,084. or 68 to the square mil*. The 

 fadml mcMMiUtivc popoUUon acoording to the Census of 1860 wa* 

 (48,888, )b which nnnW thrte-fifOu of the slaves are included. 

 TU^ aoeatdiiic to th* pnaoit raUo of repreaenUtion, enUUe* th* 

 iteta to **Dd aix repraarotativ** to CoUKrea*. To the Senate, Uk* 

 ■aeh of th* other United Sutc*, Maryhmd aeoda two mauibara 



Coail-lMie, Surfact, Jrc—Tht aurfiio* of Maryhuid oonsiat* of thr** 

 mat natutal diviaiooa, known a* th* Eastern Khore, the Weatem 

 Blwr*, and th* Mountainous Country. The Eastern and Weatem 



TBguaa oowa to ar lO' M. lat, from which point to Cheaapei 

 Bar H U bouadwi W. by th* Potomao Rivor, which Mparata* it 

 no mil** from Virginia, and & it ia bounded by Chc*apeak* Day a 

 tlMsUUof Virginia. The area is about 11,000 square milea. 7 



Shore* are divided by Chesapeake Bay and th* Susquehanna River. 

 The Eastern Shore, or the country ea<t of Chesapeake Bay, has a level 

 surface a* far north as Chester Bay, whore it begins to be uuduUtiu^, 

 and towards tb<) boundary of Penusrlvauia iaoUtoJ hilla make their 

 appearance. The soil is generally thin and slender, but tolerably well 

 cultivated. Along the shores both of the Atlantic and CbesapoalM 

 Bay marshy tracta of some extent occur. The lar;;eat is the CypreM 

 Swamp, which partly belongs to Delaware, and is wooded. It is 

 situated near the northern extremity of Sinepuxent Bay, a ahallow 

 arm of the sea, from one to five milea wide and nearly 30 mile* long, 

 which is formed by a long narrow stretch of aandy beach, which is a 

 prolongation of the coast of Delaware. The water of this bay ia 

 comparatively fresh. Along the eastern side of Cheaapeake Bay 

 several indentations occur, forming harbours for vessels of moderate 

 aiae, aa Pooomoke Bay, Fiahiug Bay, Choptank Bay, and Chester Bay. 

 There are several l^Uui'U belonging to Maryland in Chesapeake Bay, 

 of which the largest is Kent Island. 



The Western Shore, or the country on the western side of Cheaa- 

 peake Bay, is of the same description as the Eastern Shore, but rather 

 less fertile, its surface being mostly composed of a quartcose annd, 

 without a sufficient quantity of clay to render it praductive. But 

 there are aome productive tracts of considerable extent, aa in the 

 neighbourhood of Annapolis. North of the river Patapaoo the country 

 along the Cheaapeake Bay ia undulating, and posseased of a greater 

 degree of natural fertility. The bays and inleta along the weatem 

 are not so numerous as those along the eastern ahore, but they are 

 more important The principal are those formed by the Potomac, th* 

 Patapaoo, on which Baltimore the chief commercial city ataodi, the 

 Severn, on which Annapolis the capital of Maryland is built, the 

 Bush lUver, Herring Bay, &e. 



About 20 miles from the Western shore the country rises into hill* 

 which extend westward to the foot of the Blue Ridge, a part of the 

 Appalachian rant^e, a distance of about 40 miles. In this hilly tract 

 the fertility of the soil varies greatly ; the extremes of fertility and 

 sterility are frequently found in a very limited space. The country 

 west of 77° 30' W. long, is mountainous, being traversed from south 

 to north by six or seven of the ranges which compose the Appala<:hiau 

 system. These ranges form long, narrow, steep, and almost par.-<Uel 

 ridges of nearly equal height, running in nearly straight line* in a 

 generally north-east and soutU-wcst direction. These ridges, as wo 

 proceed westward, are the South- East Mountain Ridge, sometimes 

 called Parr's Ridge, which terminates with Sugar-Loaf Mountain on 

 the Potomac ; Cotoctin Mountains, crossing the Potomac at the Point 

 of Rucks; South Mountain Ridge, better known as Blue Kidge, 

 which crosses the Potomac at Harper's Ferry ; the Kittatiuuy Ridge, 

 which crosses the Potomao at Hancock; Rugged Muuutoiu Ridgo, 

 Wills Mountain Ridge, and in the extreme west the great Alleghany 

 Ridge. The valleys which are inclosed by these ridges are generally 

 wide and fertile ; they ore from 500 to SOO feet above the level of 

 the sea ; and the raugca rise to an elevation of from 2000 to 2500 

 feet The mountain district is so extremely irregular in outline, 

 that though it occupies the whole breadth of the state, and is above 

 100 miles wide at the eastern, and 35 miles wide at the western 

 extremity, it is compressed in the middle to less than throe milea ; 

 the boundaries of Virginia and Pennsylvania there approaching to 

 within that distance of each other. 



Hydrography, Communicatioiu, Ac. — Chesapeake Bay, which divides 

 Maryland into two parts, belongs, above the mouth of the Potomac, 

 wholly to this state. It is the deopot indentation of the eastern 

 shore of North America between Florida Reef and the Bay of Fuudy, 

 and it is one of the finest estuaries for commercial purposes in the 

 world. From the entrance of thu- bay to the river Susquehanna i* 

 about 180 miles : of this, the lower portion, from the entrance to the 

 mouth of the Potomac, nearly 80 miles, belongs to Virginia ; the bay 

 above the Potomac, a length of more than 100 mile*, belongs to Mary- 

 land. The width of the bay average* 25 miles in its lower, and 

 10 miles in its upper port. Its area is estimated at 3500 square miles. 

 It receive* aeverai important rivers, the chief on the west side being 

 the Potomao and James, with the Susquehanna, Patapsco, Patuxent, 

 Rappahaoock, and York, which bring down all the waters fi-oui the 

 eastern declivities of the Appalachian Mountain ranges between 

 37° and 43* N. lat ; it receives on its east side the Elk, Chester, 

 Choptank, Nauticote, and Pocomoke. It contains numerous good 

 harbours, is generally 9 fathoms deep, and is navigable throughout 



Maryland u well supplied with navigable rivers. The most import- 

 ant is the Potomac, which belongs throughout equally to Maryland 

 and Virginia. It rise* within the Appalachian Mountains, with two 

 branche* : the northern branoh rise* in 89° 10' N. lat, on the eastern 

 declivity of the Backbone Range, and runs in a generally north- 

 eaatara direction for about 70 miles, forming the boundary between 

 th* two (tate*. Twenty miles below Cumberland it is joined by the 

 South Branch, which rise* in the centre of Virginia, about 38' 25' 

 N. lat, and runs north-east for above 100 miles iu a valley iucloi-ed 

 between the Alleghany and Kittatinny chaina, before it unites with 

 the northern branch. After this junction the Potomao flows in an 

 eastern direction through mountaio ranges with great rapidity, until 

 it turns south-east, and before it breaks through the Blue Ridge, the 

 most eastern chaiu of the Appalachian system, i<< joined from the 



