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UARYLASV. 



11A8SACR0SBTTS. 



7M 



■oodi. The T*lae of the imporU in th« jttt ending June lit 18S8 



inui«,71 9,988 doU«n. 



Diritiimi. 7Wn», >te. — Marylund ii didded into 20 oountlea. 

 Anr«|>olii i« the political oKpita), but Baltimore i« the commeroial 

 metr-'po'.l*, nod much the Urgnit and most populous city in the state — 

 rankinK indeed in theee mpecta ai the third city in the Unitrd State*. 

 AnxAPOus and Baltimore are deaoribed noder their recpectiTe title*. 

 There are few other towns with any conaiderablo population ; the 

 more important are noticed below : tho-population i« that of 1850 : — 

 Cumberland, the capital of Alleghany county, ia situated on th« left 

 bank of the Potomac, at the couflaenoe of Wills' Creek, 1 48 miles 

 W.N.W. from Annapolis : population, 6073. Cumberland is the 

 centra of the Alleghany mining district, and the most populous place 

 in the state azcept Baltimore. It contains the nsunl county buildings^ 

 a market house, several churches and schools, two banks, fto. Several 

 of the public buildings are handsome structures. The coal of the 

 district is semi-bituminous, and in considerable demand for ocean 

 •teamers. The Baltimore and Ohio railway passes through Cumber- 

 land ; the great national road leading to the Mississippi commences, 

 and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal terminates here. Short lines of 

 railway connect the mines with the town. Three newspapers are 

 published here weekly. 



FredericHovn, a aij, and the capital of Frederick county, is situated 

 on Carroll's Creek, a feeder of the Honocacy, 68 miles W.N.W. from 

 Annapolis: population, 6028. In number of inhabitants Frederick- 

 town ranks third among the cities of llaryland ; but in wealth it is 

 inferior only to Baltimore. The city is regularly laid out and well 

 built, and the streets are wide. It contains a court-house, jail, and 

 other county buildings, 17 churches, a college or high school and other 

 institutions belonging to the Romnu Catholics, library and scientific 

 institutions, Ac. Some of the churches are spacious ami handsome, 

 and the court-house is a substantial structure. Fredericktown is the 

 'centre of a rich agricultural and mineral district, contains several 

 factories, and has an extensive trade. A branch railway connects it 

 with the Baltimore and Ohio railway. Five newspapers are published 

 here Wf ekiy. 



£atton, the capital of Talbot county, stands on the Treadhaven 

 Creek, 12 miles abovj its confluence with the sestuary of the Choptank 

 Kiver, and 27 miles S.K. from Annapolis : popiUation, 1413. fiaston 

 is a busy place, and eonU-vins a noat court-house, 4 churches, and 

 ■ome other public buildings, but is chiefly noticeable as the largest 

 town on the eastern shore. Two newspapers are published here 

 weekly. 



ffaggerttovm, the capital of Washington county, on the right bank of 

 Antietam Creek, 22 miles above its confluence with the Potomac, and 

 87 miles N.W. from Annapolis : population 3879, of whom 485 were 

 free coloured persons and 1 83 slaves. The town stands in the midst 

 of a rich agricultural district ; is regularly laid out, has broad streets, 

 is well built', and contains a court-house, jail, town-hall, several 

 churches, two banks, &a Seven weekly newspapers are published 

 here. The town is situated near the border of Pennsylvania, and a 

 short railway, called the Franklin, connects it with the railways of 

 that state. Chester, on the river of the same name ; Denton, on the 

 Choptank ; Elkton, on the Elk River, near the north-eastern angle of 

 the state ; llavre-de-Qrace, on the Susquehanna ; Port Tobacco, at the 

 head of "Tobacco River ; Princess Anne, on the Manokin ; Rockvillc, 

 on Rock Creek, a tributary of the Potomac; Suow Uill, on the 

 Pooomoke ; Vienna, on the Nanticoke ; and Upper Marlborough, on 

 the Patapsco — are places of locnl consequence, and carry on a con- 

 siderable trade, but neither of them has a population much exceeding 

 1000. 



Government, die. — The original constitution of Maryland was 

 adopted in 1776, and subsequently amended more than twenty 

 time*. It was superseded by the pnaent constitution, which was 

 framed and adopted in 1851. By the new constitution the sufiVage is 

 vested in every free white male citizen of the United States, 21 year* 

 of age, who shall have resided in the state one year, and in the place 

 for which he proposes to vote six months preceding the election. The 

 legislature consists of a Senate of 22 members, elected for four years, 

 ■Dd a House of Delegates of not less than 65, nor more than 80 (at 

 . pnsant 74), memben, elected for two yean. The governor is elected 

 nr foor yean. 



As refunds provision for education Maryland is behind many of the 

 ■tetc* of the Union. 



Maryland was fir«t settled as a place of refiige for the persecuted 

 Boman Catholic* of England by Lord Baltimore in 1634, when 200 

 Bomaa Catholic* established themselves at St. Mary's, and the country 

 tMeived the name of Maryland from HenrietU Maria, the wife of 

 Charirs I. The number of settlera soon increased, not only by emi- 

 gration fW>m England, but alio by the addition of Nonconformists 

 from New England and Virginia. During the Commonwealth the 

 oppreulon of the Catliolios retarded the growth of Maryland, though 

 it enjoyed a more liberal constitution than the other colonies. In 

 189U the seat of government wis fixnl at Annapolis, where it has ever 

 ■ittoe remained. Maryland took an active part iu the war of iode- 

 dendenoe ; and formed cue of tlie 13 original states of the 

 Union. Except during the war with England in 1812, when the 

 Brftiih naral force* did considerable mischief to the town* along 



Oheaapeake Bay, the (ab*equent hiitory of the state is oonflned to it* 

 intenud affiUr*. 



(Kennedy, Hitory and 8tttutie$ «/ lh« SlaU o/ Jfiwylaad (Oflldal 

 Report), 1858 ; SevatA Onwiu of Ikt UnUed Stattt (Qeneral Report), 

 1853; StalUtietU OoMltter of the UnUed StiUa, 1853; Haskill and 

 Smith, Lippioeott, OatelUett of thi United atatet ; Ducatel, Ot^lcgp 

 ofMart/Umd; Maroon, CMogical Map of tkt Otattd Stalei; Amtrican 

 Almanac, 1854.) 



MARYPORT, CnmberUnd, a market-town and sea-port, in the 

 pariah of Cauonby Cross, is situated on the sea coast, at the mouth 

 of the river Ellen, in 54° 42' N. lat, 8* 28' W. long., distant 29 miles 

 8.W. fh>m Carlisle, 811 miles N.W. by N. from London by road, and 

 328 mile* by railway, viA Carlisle. The population of the town of 

 Maryport in 1851 was 5698. The living is a perpetual curacy in the 

 archdeaconry and dioceae of Carlisle. The town is governed by 13 

 Trustees, appointed under an Act of Parliament, 4 by the lord of the 

 manor, and 9 by the rate payers. 



In the year 17S0 there was only one house on the present site of 

 the town of Maryport The chaj)el of ease was built in 1760, and 

 enlarged in 1 837-83. A very handsome market-house and a new 

 bridewell have been rec-ntly erected, and a new harbour formed. There 

 are chapels fur English and United Preabyterians, Wesleyan and 

 Primitive Methodists, Independents, Baptists, Quakers, and Roman 

 Catholics; National and Britiah schools; a mechanics institution ; a 

 temperance and general reading-room and library; a hall for the 

 Odd Fellows society ; and a savings bank. Checks and linens are 

 made. The manufacture of black-lead pendla u carried on. Ship- 

 building and other occupations connected with shipping employ many 

 of the Oihabitants. Largo quantities of coal and coke are brought 

 to the port and shipped for Ireland. Lime and stone are also exported, 

 and cattle, timber, flax, and iron imported. The number of vessels 

 belon,'ing to the port on Daoeniber 31st 1858, was 107 of 16,650 tons 

 burden, with 3 ste-imers of 333 tons. The number of sailing vessels 

 entered nt tlie port during 1853, was — inwards 331, of 32,860 tons; 

 outwards 2703, of 213,888 tons. There is communication by steam- 

 vessel with Liverpool twice a week in summer. The marketKlay is 

 Friday. Fairs are held on May 28th and November 1 2tb. Numerous 

 visitors resort to Maryport during the summer season. 



MARY'S, ST., ISLAND. [Axobeb; Sctllt.1 



MARY'S, ST., RIVER. [Cawada.] 



MARYSVILLE. [Caliporku.] 



MAS-D'AQENOIS. [LoT-n-aA«05!(B.1 



MASCARA. [ALofcRlB.] 



MASHAM. [YOBKSHIBE.] 

 MASOVL\. JPOLAWD.] 



MASSA, a small duchy on the west coast of Italy, which, with the 

 annexed territory of Carrara, constituted for a long time a sovereign 

 principality under the family of Cibo. It now belongs to the Di^s 

 of Modena. [Carrara.] 'The territory of Massa extends about 8 

 miles from the sea-ooost to the Alpe Apuana, or mountain group which 

 dividee it from the province of Qarfagnana. To the south-east Mass* 

 borders upon the territory of Pietra Santa, belonging to Tuscany ; and 

 on the north-west it adjoins Carrara : its breadth between these two 

 limits hardly exceeds 6 miles. The small rivar Krigido flows through 

 the territory of Massa from the mountains of Carrara to the sea. 

 The town of Malta is in the lower part of the country, not far from 

 the sea, on the high road from Oenoa to Luoca and Pisa. It is sur- 

 rounded by fine gardens and plantations of fruit-trees. Massa is a 

 neat town : it is the seat of a bishop, whose see comprises the duohiei 

 of Massa and Carrara. There are a palace, a cathedral with some 

 good paintings, a town-house, a fine public garden with orange-tree* 

 and a handaome marble bridge over the Frigido. It is the rnidence 

 of the governor, and has a court of appeal for Massa [Carbaba] and 

 Carrara. The town of Maasa contain* about 7000 inhabitants, who 

 manufacture silk, and trade in marble. 



MASSACHUSETTS, one of the United State* of North America, 

 lies between 41° 15' and 42° 52' N. lat, 69° 64' and 73° 34' W. long. 

 It is bounded N. by the states of New Hampshire and Vtrmont ; W. 

 by New York ; S. by Connecticut and Rhode Island ; and S.K and 

 ET. by the Atlantic Ocean. The length from east to west is about 160 

 miles ; the general breadth from north to south i* about 50 mile* ; 

 but at the eastern extremity it expands to 90 miles, while a long 

 narrow tongue of land, known as the Peninsula of Cape Cod, extends 

 neariy 60 miles beyond the mainland, and south of this peninsula lie 

 two islands, Martha's Vincyanl and Nantucket, which form a part of 

 Massachusetts^ The area of the state is about 7250 square miles; 

 the population in 1850 was 994,614, or 137'17 to the square mile. 

 The inhabitants being all fiwe, the ratio of representation entitle* the 

 state to send eleven representative* to Congre**. To the Senate, 

 like each of the states of the Union, Massachusetts send* two 

 members. 



Coatt-line, Surface, Ac — Narraganaet Bay, which lie* obiefly within 

 the state of RnoDs Islahd, enters by lis moi<t north-eastern iulet 

 into Massachusetts, where it receives the Taunton Kiver, the most 

 considerable of all the streams which fall into that bay ; the tide 

 aaoenda this river to Dightou, 8 miles above its mouth. Farther east 

 is Bnczard* Bay, a deep indentation stretching in a north-eastern 

 direction into the mainland. From ita entrance between Seaconet 



