﻿IS* 



MAYNOOTH. 



KATO. 



TM 



tilla to a l«ron; in tlie house of Quit*, which Frmufoi* I. crectrtl to 

 k marquiute in 1544, aottCbarlnlX. into aducby iti favour uf Cbarle* 

 de Lorrain*, who broune hrad of the FrsDcb political partj called the 

 League. The ■trerts are ill laid out, it regularly built, with old odd- 

 looking bouMs, and bo aleep that it i< not unu>ual to lee eight horraa 

 and fuur bullock* vokrd together drawioK a aiiigle carria.-e. On the 

 top of the hill on the right bank there are two Urge squarei, in one 

 of which is the town-house. The old castle of the lords of Uajrnue 

 ■tanda on the right bank of the rirer, and commands the bridge ; a 

 large building near it serree for the linen-msrket Linen, calicoes, 

 and cotton-yam are the chief industrial products of the town, which 

 has also bleach-milli and dye-houxes. Ambriirt*, 6 milea N. from 

 Hayenne, is a well-built town of 2453 inhabitants. A castle now in 

 niins, built here by the Conqueror, is the roost interesting obj-xt in 

 the town. The com market is held on a part of its site. Sait, a town 

 of 2342 inhabitant*, S.E. of Mayenne, was burned by the Vendeans in 

 17M. Ernie, prettily situated on the river Erode, 14 miles W. from 

 Mayeone, is a well-built town, with wide straight streets, and 5489 

 inhabitanta, wbo manufacture liuen-yaro and cloth. There are iron- 

 mine* and iron-forges near Emde. Gotron, 12 miles N.W. from 

 Uayrnne, has a population of 2351. The ancient castle of Oorron, 

 one of the frontier fortresses of Maine, has been entirely destroyed, 

 and a com-market erected on its site. Latiay, 12 miles N.E. from 

 Hayenne, has 2565 inhabitants, and an ancient castle, the erection of 

 which dates from the year 825, and which is the best preserved of the 

 old fortraases of Maine. Pra-en-Pail, 20 miles N.E. from Mayenne, 

 en the road to Alenfon, has a population of 3495. TiUaina-ia-Juhd, 

 E. of Mayenne, has 2500 inhabitants, who manufacture woollen-cloth. 



3. Ill the third arrondixsement the chief town, Chdteau-Oimtia; is 

 situated in a beautiful plain, 16 miles S. from Laval, in 47° 49' 50" 

 N. Ut, 0* 42' 11' W. long., 192 feet above the level of the sea, on the 

 left bank of the Mayenne, over which a stone bridge leads to a laige 

 suburb. Of the castle built here by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou, 

 who intrusted its safe keeping to a knight named Oontier (whence the 

 name), there is scarcely a vestige. The town, which is ill laid out, 

 but has wellbnilt bouses, posaesM* a tribunal of first instance, a 

 college, and 6448 inhabitants, who manufacture linen, serge, hair-cloth, 

 and leather; and trade in clover-seed, thread, iron, timber, and wine. 

 The most notable objects in the town are — the square on the site of 

 the old castle, and the promenade which commands a fine view of the 

 picturesque banks of the Mayenne. Cout-U- Vivien, N.W. of Ch&teau- 

 Oontier, has 84*8 inhsbitauts. Craon, formerly a forti&ed town, and 

 famous for its siege by the Prince of Conti in 1592, is situated on the 

 left bank of the Oudon, 12 miles W. from ChAtetiuGontier, and has 

 3906 inhabitants, wbo manufacture coarse woollens, and trade in com, 

 linen, thread, &c 



The departu^eut forma with that of Sarthe the see of the Bishop of 

 Le-Mans ; is included in the juris'liction of the High Court of Angers, 

 and within the limits of the University-Academy of Kennes : and 

 belongs to the 16lh Military Division, of which Rennes is head- 

 quarters. It returns 3 members to the Legislative Body of the French 

 empire. 



{Piclimnaire de la France; Annuaire pour fAn 1853; Slatislique 

 de la France ; Official Papert.) 



MAYNOOTH, county Kildare, Ireland, a post- and market-town, in 

 the barony of North Salt, is situated on the Royal Canal, 15 miles 

 W. by N. from Dublin by the Midland Great Westeiu railway, of 

 which it is a station. The population in 1851 was 2201. 



Maynooth consists of a single well-built street, at the east end of 

 which is the entrance to Carston, the extensive demesne of the Duke 

 of Leinster, and at the west end the royal college of St. Patriok. 

 There are in the town a parish church, a Roman Catholic chapel and 

 nunnery, a National school, and a dispensary. Maynooth College is a 

 plain quadraUL-iilar stnicture, with a front 400 feet in length. The 

 grounds attached to it occupy a space of 80 acres. The institution 

 was founded in 1795 by an Act of the Iri-h Parlianunt for the 

 education of candidates for orders in the Romau Catholic Church. In 

 1846 it was permanently endowed, out of the Consolidated Fund, for 

 the support and inntruction of 500 students, ami of 20 seuior scholars 

 «n Um Dunl:ioTne foundation — a ravi-nue of 4601 derived from the 

 •■''''? "' **•• '»'• l«"l Dunboyne. The buildings have been oom- 

 pl«»«l by a sum of 80,000t. vested by the Act of 1845 in the 

 CommiMioners of Public Works for Ireland. They contain seven 

 «wtai»*slls, a chapel, library, refectory, and professors' and studenU* 

 •partm^ta Th« course of study occupies eight years, during which 

 tWiMad«Bta can leave the collate only by special permission of the 

 WMp or the diooes* to which they respectively belong. Near the 

 «OU«B* are the ruina of Maroooth Castle, a seat of the Fitigeral.ls, the 

 MMMton of the Duke of Leinster; it was built in 1426. Fairs are 



u.vH" *""" »n *'«y <ll» »nd September 19th. 



MAYO, a iiiantiine county in the province of Cnnaught, Ireland, 

 Is bouiid.dE. by the counUe* of Sligo and Ro.common, K by the 

 county of OJway, ukI W. and N. by the Atlantic Ocean, ft lies 

 between 68 27' snd 54* 19' N. Ut, 8* 31' and 9" 20' W. long. lU 

 groatwt Iwigth from e»stto weat is 72 miles ; from north to south 68 

 ^-^..'^ area U 5f 181 (quire miles, or 1,368,882 acres, of which 

 497,687 Mi«f,>ni V*^U, 800,111 aersa oncultivated, 8860 acres in 

 pUntatioDi, 848 i^ttm {q (owpn, and 66,979 acres under water, Ne^t 



to Cork and Galway, Mayo is the Urgest county in Ireland. In 1831 

 the popuhition was 366,328; in 1841 it was 8SS,8S7 ; in 1851 it was 

 274,612. 



CiMut-tine and Iriandt. — The length of the ooast-line from the mouth 

 of the river Moy on the north-east to the head of KiHery Harbour on 

 the south-west, exclusive of minor indeutatioos, is about 250 miles. 

 The only harbour generally frequented on the northt-rn coast is that 

 of Killala, in the Bay of Killala, which is formed by tlie lestuary of 

 the Moy. The bay is a square of about 5 miles, with a range of sand- 

 hills extending across the bottom. In this range are two openings, 

 one forming the bar of the Moy, and the other that of Killala Har- 

 bour. Forini-rly vessels for Ballina entered by the KilUla bar ; but 

 since certain improvements were made in the Moy the navigation has 

 been direct, and vessels of 200 tons now sail up to within a mile of 

 Ballina. From Kilhila Bay westward to Benwee Head, a distance of 

 20 miles, the coast rises in lofty cliffs, affording little shelter for craft 

 of any kind. Between Benwee Head and the Mullet is Broadhavtn, 

 a bay consisting of an outer aud an inner harbour, the entrance to the 

 latter being less than half a mile in width in 4 fathoms of water. The 

 basin within runs up 7 miles to the town of Belmullet, and affords 

 good anchorage throughout The Mullet, extending 15 miles in length, 

 is connected with the mainland by a narrow isthmus 5 miles long, 

 which separates Broadhaven from the Bay of Blacksod. The southern 

 part of the peninsula U low aud sandy ; but on the north aro some 

 inconsiderable eminences, of which Slieve More, risiug over the entrance 

 to Broadhaven, is the chief. Blacksod Bay affords excellent roadsteads 

 and several sheltered spots well adapted for landing cargoes. The 

 southern boundary of Blacksod Bay is Acbill Islakd. The upper 

 end of the bay abounds with a multitude of safe and excellent anchor- 

 agi'S among the numerous islands between the creeks of Newport aud 

 Westport. The mouth of the bay being covered for one-third of its 

 breadth by Clare Island, the whole basin enjoys a considerable shelter 

 from the swell of the ocean. The remainder of the coast of Murrisk 

 between Clew Bay and the Killery possesses no harbours, but there is 

 anchorage in westerly winds under the lee of Innisturk Island in the 

 offing. Small islands, singly or in groups, lie in great numbers along 

 the northern and western coa!>ts. 



Surface, Hydrography, and Commimicaliont. — The surface of the 

 county embraces a part of the central plain of Ireland, with a large 

 extent of wild and mountaiuotis country between it and the sea. 

 The mountain region consists of two principal districts separated by 

 Clew Cay, which running inland 15 miles, by from 7 to 8 miles in 

 width, meets the extremity of the plain at Westport. The mountain 

 groups south of Clew Bay cover an art-a of about 15 by 20 miles, and 

 stretch into the highlands of Joyce country and Connemara. [Qalwat.] 

 The Furninamore aud Partry Mountains extend in a uortht-ast direo- 

 tion from the head of Killery Harbour, and form a continuous range 

 15 miles long, rising abruptly over the westt^m shores of Lough Mask 

 and Lough Carra. Furmuamore, in the centre of the range, is 2210 

 feet high. 



On both sides of the chain are bold ravines, traversed by streams 

 descending on the one hand into Lough Mask, and on the other into 

 the valley of the Owen Errive River, which runs southward into the 

 head of Killery Harbour, and into the valley of the river A>le, which 

 runs northward. Tiie Ayle dips underground on emerging from the 

 mountain district, and passing eastward for two miles under the lime- 

 stone rock of the plain, rises again and flows southward into tlie head 

 of Lough Mask. The group of Muilrea skirts the northern shore of 

 Killery Harbour, and extend* iulaud. Muilrea Mountain, which rises 

 over the entrance to the harbour, is the highest grouud in the county, 

 being 2682 feet in altitude. Northward from the group of Muilrea 

 the surface rises into undulating hills of from 900 to 1200 feet in 

 height, the general slope of the country being towards the north-west. 

 The northern vii^u of Murrisk is occupied through a length of 10 

 miles by the range of Crongh Patrick, running parallel to the shore, 

 wliich rises in its highest summit to an altitude of 2610 feet. 



North of Clew Bay the Croagh Moyle Mouutaios run in a south- 

 westerly direction from the valley of tiie Moy to the head of the bay 

 at Newport The group of Nephiu extends from Lough Fjough, 

 near the northern shor>.- of Clew liay, to the western shore of Lough 

 Cuun, over which Mount Nepbin, the highest point in the district, 

 rifes abruptly to an elevation of 2646 feet In the valley bounded by 

 theve ranges lie Lough Beltra and Lough Lavalla. A ti-act of extremely 

 desolate moorlands is bouuded towarda the east by the valley of the 

 Moy, and towards the west by the Tyrawley and Nephin B^ Moun- 

 taina A ridge of low elevation divides this tract into two portions, 

 the waters of one of which flow eastward by the Deel River to Lough 

 Conn, and those of the other passing through a gap in the centre of 

 the Nephin Big range run westward by the Owenmore River to the 

 head of Blacksod Bay. The chief height of the Nepbiu Beg chiiin is 

 Slieve Cor, 2308 feef; Nephin Beg is 2012 feet West of the Tyrawley 

 and Nephin Beg Mountains are numerous lakes, of which the greatest 

 is Carrowmore, which discharges ita waters by the Owenmore River 

 into Tullnghan Bay, 



The valley of the Moy from the sea to Foxford, which is situated 

 15 miles above the mouth of the river, is open, and contains much 

 improved and improvable land, especially in the neighbourhooii of 

 KitLAL^ nod BaUun. Between Ballina and the range of Nephin is 



