﻿MEROE. 



KESOLONOHL 



7U 



Id tbe war of the Bom* Bkilcoh was held for the L«Dcasteriai>i, but 

 Ukea by Sir lUchard Herbert. Afler tho war waa coDcludi>d the 

 couutT became Mid long oaotiaued to be the lOMie of great ooofuaioii. 

 A mtiJtitude of outlaw* uid fekwa eatabliahed thwneriVea Dear Diain- 

 y-Mowddj-, and perpetnted a Taibtj of arime*. To quell theee out- 

 rage* a oommiMion wa* granted by Qaeoi Maiy to two gentlemen of 

 the county — one of them Lewi* Owen, ▼iee-chamberlain and baron of 

 the exchequer of Korth Wale*. In puisaance of tbi* oomnua*ion 80 

 of the band were aeiaed and punuihed. To rereoge tbia aeverity 

 Mr. Owen waa waylaid and murdered in 15SS, at a {wuie ainoe called 

 Ll^iart-y-BarwD, 'the baron'* gate.' Tbe rignroua meaaure* to which 

 thi* outrage gare ri*a led to tbe extirpation of the banditti, some of 

 whom wen executed, and the re*t flad. In tbe dvil war of Cbarlea J. 

 Harlech Caatle waa the object of contention. The repeated capture* 

 of thi* place, and a akinnub near Dolgelley, were however the only 

 ineidcntB of the content which occurred within the county. 



Tbe principal remain* of tbe middle agee are Harlech Cactle, already 

 deaeribed, and tbe ruin* of Cymmer Abtiey, near Dolgelley, with two 

 or three entailer caitellated building*. Llya-Biadwsn, between Del- 

 ■dlegr and Towyn, ia the ruin of a rude edifice, the house of an ancient 

 WeUk chieftain ; and near Llanfibangel-y-Pennant are tbe remain* of 

 a caatle auppoaed to be the caatle of Bere, belonging to tbe last Llewel- 

 lyn, prince of North Walea, and taken from him by William de 

 Valence, eaii of Pembroke, a abort time previoua to tbe filial conqueat 

 of Wale*. 



SdigioMt Wonkip, XdueatioH, Ac — According to the Betuma of 

 the Cenau* in 1651, the Calvinietio Metbodi*ta i^pear to hare the 

 largeat number of adherent* of any of tbe religioua bodiea in the 

 county ; Wealeyan Uethodiat*, £pi*copalians, Independeuta, and Bap- 

 tiat* bare alao numcroua place* of worabip and Sunday achouli. In 

 ISil there were i literary inatitution* in the county, with 187 mem- 

 ber*, and 357 volume* in their librariea. In 1853 the county po**e*ied 

 two *aTing* banka, at Bala and Dolgelley ; the amount owing to 

 d«soaitora on Kovember 20th 1853 was 31,36<M. IS*, id. 



XEBOE. [Ethiopu.] 



MEBSEBUnO, one of the three gorenunenta into which the 

 Fnuaian provinco of Saxony is divid^ haa an area af 3964 square 

 inilea, with a population of 7-12,644 at the end of 1849. The eaatero 

 and larger part of the government i* flat, with gentle eminence*, but 

 DO moontaina; tha weetem portion i* more mountainoua than level, 

 being partly occupied by branche* of the Ban and tbe ThiiringerwUd : 

 thia portion however containa extensive and fertile levels; and the 

 whole of tbe government, though the soil is unequal, may be called 

 fertile. Tbe principal riven are— the Elbe and ita tributariea, the 

 Bdtwazaa Elster, on tbe right bank ; the Uulde and the Saale on the 

 left bank. The Saale receivea the White Elster and the Unstrutl 

 Tbe government is traversed by the Magdeburg-Leipzig and Thiiringian 

 lailw^ra, which meet at Halle. 



JHcrteburg, tbe chief town of the govemment, is situated on the Saals^ 

 10 milea by raUway S. by W. from Halle, and haa about 10,600 inha- 

 bitant*. It ia an old irregularly built town, with narrow crooked stieete, 

 oonaicting of the town itaelf, the Cloee, and the two auburb* Altan- 

 buig and Neumarkt, the latter lying on the oppoaite bank of the Saale, 

 over which there ia a large atone bridge. The town is surrounded 



with walla, and baa four gatea. The mo(t remarkable buildinga are 



a fine palace, now need for tbe government offioea; the catbednd, which 

 haa one of tbe largest on^na in Qertnany ; the cathedral aohool ; the 

 mooaatoT of St. Peter, in the auburb of Altenborg ; the palace of 

 Count Zeohi ; the military hoqiital ; and the new tovm-halL There 

 are m a nnf a n toriea of linen- and wooUen-dotba, paper, tobacco, and 

 Tiocgar, and nimmn brewenea and diatillenea, The trade of 

 ManeboiK ii ooasidenbleL 



Darrmkerg, a imall village between Meraaborg and Lutaen, baa 

 important aalt-works, which produce abont 40,000 tcoa of aalt yearly. 



MUmlmrg, a town of about 9000 inhabitanU, ctands K.E. of M*ne- 

 borg, on an iaknd in the Mulde, which i* reached 1^ two bridgea. 

 The town, which i* mrrounded by walls and ditobas, ha* manu&ctorv* 

 of printed cotton, vinegar, starch, brandy, woollen-yam, Ac. 



mUoi, the birthphuie of Luther, i* *ituated 16 mUea N.W. tram 

 BaUs, on a hill abova the Bosa^ and contains 4 choice*, a gymnaaiam, 

 •SToml aohoola, 8 iMnitida, and 76S8 inhaUtanH who am engaged 

 aa a briak inland tnit, in the nunofMtmre of potaabe* and tobaceo, 

 and in tbe Coppermine* and amelting-worka of tbe neighbourhood. 



BmlU bima tk* m^ieot of a aeparato article. [HAtj.K.1 

 .t!^ KJ^*^ a by E. of ^eraeburg, on the high road from 

 LMMji to WtissanM*, ha* givoi name to two celebimted batUee, the 

 In* Csn^ in ]«», in which the Imperialists woe defeated by the 

 ?Tr??! ""^O-^'-^dolf. wboloatL*lifkontli*field;the aeoond 

 J? "**■»»»«» ^ F«nch ondar tha Emperor Napoleon L defeated 

 tM aow h toad armiaa of Pniaua and Buvia. 



Summinrt, a sUtion on tha Thuringian nulway, 28 milea from 



5^"^ *'?*."^v'*°.'' "* *^ 8*^ • ""!• •»»»«' tk» point where 

 ^ nver U> joined by the Uoetnitt, i* a weU-built town, (umnmded 

 by walJa which aeparata it from aavetal suburbe. Tbe chief buildiiw* 

 SM tha aharofa of ai.-Wen<l*l. tk* coafi-hoaa^ th* townJtalLandSe 

 g^Msslnm. T^ town is O^jimX of the oouH of appeal for tlM 

 goramaunU of M— s b nig and Brfud It ha* ibout 18,000 inhabit- 

 ants, who manolhctate broadcloth, linan, atoekii^*, glovs*, Isathsr 



staroh, soap, vinegar, beer, brand v, and chemical product*. Two great 

 annual fain an held hare, one m June, the other in December, for 

 the aale of all kinds of induatrial produce ; bcaidea theae thrs* otiMT 

 annual fain are held for tbe sale of honea and cattle. 



Sa«a(r*«t«ai, a well-built wallad town, aitoated at the foot of the 

 Han Houotaina, 31 milea K.W. from Merseboig, haa 6000 inhabitanta, 

 many of whom are engaged in tbe copper minaa and works n*ar the 

 town. 



Tbrymt i* a atrongly fortified town, aituated in a low manhy country 

 on the left bank of toe Elbe, which i* here spanned by a bridge partly 

 of wood and partly of atone. Tbe popol^on ia abont 7000; tbsy 

 manufacture wooUen-clotb, linen, leather, and aoap, and trad* in com, 

 timber, and lime. 



WtittenftU, a town of 8500 inhabitanta, 11 mile* by railway N.E. 

 from Naumbuig, atands on the right bank of the Sude, which bere 

 becomes navigable, and is crossed by a wooden bridge. It is a walled 

 town, entered by four gatea, wbich lead to as many suburbs. On a 

 rock outside the town stands an old castle, now used aa banacka. A 

 training bouse for scboolmastera, a gymuasiam, an asylum fur deaf 

 mutes, two hospitals, and an almshouse, are the principal iastitutiuoa 

 of the town. Jewvllety, porcelain, leather, and merino, are tbe chief 

 manufactures. Tbe remains of Gustav Adolf, king of Sweden, who 

 fell at tbe battle of Liltien, are buried in the convent church now no 

 longer used. 



Wiltaiberg, a fortified town N.N.W. of Toigau, situated on thn 

 Elbe, wbich is bere croaaed by a wooden bridge 1000 feet long, ia 

 celelnated for its university now suppres*ed, in which Luther waa a 

 profeaior in 1503. A coloasal statue of Luther wa* erected in the 

 market-place in 1S17, and the univetsity church contain* the tomb* 

 of him and Melancbthon. The town ha* a theological aeminaiy, a 

 gymnaaium, several woollen and linen faotorisa, bnweriee, distillerias, 

 dye-houses, and 8600 inhabitanta, who are also engaged in gardening 

 and in the Elbe fisberiML The university of Wittenberg was incor^ 

 ponted with that of Halla in 1S17. 



ZtiU, a walled town entered by six gates, built on tbe slope of a 

 steep bill, on the right bank of the Elster, 18 miles S.£L from Naum- 

 buig, contains a tiue old castle, called Moritzburg. four churches, a 

 gymnasium, a Ubraiy of 12,000 volumes, several schools, and about 

 10,000 inhabitants, who manufacture calico, broadcloth, leather, 

 atarch, beer, spirits, pottory, gloves, ribands, &c 



MEKSEY 1SL.\N1>. [Essmc.] 



MERSEY, RIVER. ICossbibe; Laxcsshibs.] 



MEBTUYR TYDVIL, or TYDFIL, QUmorganahire, a parlia- 

 mentary borough and tbe aeat of a Poor-Lnw Union, in the pariah of 

 MertbiT TydvU, is situated in a valley near the north-eastern comer 

 of the county, in 51" 45' N. Ut.,3° 11' W. long., distant SI mileaN. by 

 W. from Csnlifi', and 171 miles W. by N. from LoudoiL The popula- 

 tion uf tlie borough, in which is included the adjoining town of Dow- 

 laia, in 1S51 was 63,080. The living is a rectory in the arobdeaoonry 

 and dioceae of l.landaff. The borough returns one member to the 

 Imperial Parliament. Merthyr Tydvil Poor-Law Union containa 

 9 parishes, with an area of 113,716 aorsa, and a population in 1861 of 

 70,813. Dowlaia ia noticed under Qlamoboahshire. 



Merthyr Tydvil is the principal aeat of the iron district of South 

 Walea. The town, which i* aituated in the valley of the Taff, conaists 

 mainly of woritmen'a house*, and is irreguUrly built Previoua to tha 

 appointment of the Local Board of Health in 1851, the town waa 

 entirely without drainage, and the water supply waa miserably bad. 

 Such waa the filthy stato of the place, that cholera found its victims 

 ready for ita approach, and many lives wan sacrificed. The town haa 

 been somewhat improved in it* condition, but much yet remains to 

 be done. 



According to the Batums of the Census in 1861, there wan than 

 84 placea of worship in Msrthyr Tydvil, of which 80 belonged to Inde- 

 pendents, 19 to Particular Baptista, 10 each to the Chur^ of '"^•r^. 

 Wealeyan Methodists, and Welah Calvinistic Methodist^ and 6 to 

 Mormona. The number of Sunday schools was 68, vrith 13,396 

 scholars. Of day aohools there wen 69, of whieh 16 were public 

 schools with 2544 aoholan, and 48 private schools with 1136 sdialara. 

 A library and reading-room has upward* of 1300 volume* ; the number 

 of subsoriban in 1861 waa 133. 



Merthyr Tydvil waa not repreaented in Parliament till the paasiog 

 of the Beform Act The mining operations uf this place wen com- 

 paratively unimportant prior to the year 1755. There are now four 

 great iron-works, the largeat in tha empire;. Some coal i* exported. 

 Communication between Merthyr Tydvil and the *ca at Cardiff ia 

 maintained by the Cardiff CanaL Merthyr haa communication with 

 Cardiff by the Taff Vale nUwav, and with Swanaea and LlanaUy by 

 the Vale of Neath railway. There are two market-hoaaaai Tbe 

 market-day i* Saturday, and fain ore held on May 14 th and the fint 

 Mondays in July and Auguat A county court is held. 



MEKTOLA. [ALUltBlo.] 



MEltTOX. [SUBUIT.] 



MEKVILLE. [NoRD.] 



UEBY-SUB-SEINE [AtJDC.] 



MESULO'NOHI, in ..Etolia, a small town in Oneee, ia situated i?) 

 a manfay plain on tbe northern side of the Qulf of Patras, near it 

 entnuioe, and right opposite Cap* Kolcgria or Papaa in tha Mores. 



