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iDUjr. 



KILITABT rBONTIER. 



n* 



tha ■(^kiiiiiiig boOdiiigi, bj VanUiii, makoi a lidi •rahiteetanl 

 di^day. 



Ilia Aroo dalk Paoa, tha prinoiiial work of ito arcbitaot, the Mtrohan 

 Luigi CagnoU, wm eommenead in 1807, nixl oarriecl on until hisdeatb, 

 ▲ugtut 10, ISSS, kftar wliidt it wm oontinued bj I'lu-lo Lonainio, and 

 finally oompUtad in 1837. It «taad< on the north-west tide of tha 

 dty, where it forma the entnnoe from the road of the Simplon into 

 tha spadoua Piaaxa d'Arrai, and i< not only oomplately insulated, but 

 ■o dtoatad as to be aeeo to tha utmoat adTantam fkt>m every point 

 of view, partioulariy as regards its two principal nronts, one of which 

 Ckoea the noble aTenue above mentioned, and the other, or that towards 

 the eity, is viewed between two degant Doric marble buildings 

 (serring as guard- and toll-houses), which are placed a little in advanoe 

 of it, and an aboat three times the breadth of its front apart from 

 •aoh other. The arch, which is entirely faced with marble, and highly 

 s w iebad in arety part with relieft and soulptureis besidea statues both 

 ■pan and in fWtnt of the attic, forms an architectural mass whose 

 MBCral dimensions are — 724 feet English by 434 f««t in depth, and 74 

 Mat in heiftht, or, including the sestiga and statue on its summit, the 

 extreme height is 98 feat. Each of the principal fronts exhibits four 

 luted Corinthian oolnmna, with half-columns behind them, and 

 between them a cratre arch (24 feet wide and 48 feet high) and a 

 Mwllar one (10 feet i) inches wide and 28 feat high) on each side of 

 it. The entablature (the frieze of which is enriched throughout with 

 figures of genii holding festoons) forms only a single projecting break 

 on each aide of the centre, whereby the inconvenience is avoided of 

 such a mass of stone being suspended over the wider centre inter- 

 oolnmn. A single recumbent figure is placed on these projecting 

 entablaturea. Those on the side towards the city represent the rivers 

 Tidoo and Po, on the other the Adiga and T^liamento ; the two 

 former of which were executed by Oooiatori, and the latter by 

 Pompao JfaicheaL 



There IS no transrerse passage through the Areo della Pace from 

 end to end, but merely an opening through the piers separating the 

 larger arch from the one on each side of it, owing to which the 

 external sides or ends of the stmoture have the expreesion of greater 

 solidity. At each angle of the attic is a bronze equeetrian statue of 

 Yiotoiy, about 18 feet high; and on the side towards the city the 

 eentra is crowned by a colossal figure of Peace (modelled by 

 Sangioigio, and cast in bronce by Luigi and Antonio Itanfredini) in a 

 oar with six horses. Of the various other sculptures and reliefs that 

 adorn this magnificent work, no enumeration can be here given. 



Milan, under the name of Mediolannm, was a town of the Cisalpine 

 Qauls. (Livy, v. 34 ; Polybius, b. xi.) It was taken by the consuls 

 M. Maroellns and C. Cornelius Scipio, &c. 221. Little is said in history 

 of Milan afterwards until the end of the Srd century of the Christian 

 era, when Maximianus, the colleague of Diocletian, fixed his residence 

 at Milan, and surrounded it with walls, which were two miles in 

 oirenmferenee, and which continued to inclose the area of the town 

 till the time of Frederick I., in the 12th century. Valentinian II., 

 Tbaodcaius I., Uonorius, and other em[icrors of the 4th and 6th 

 oentnriea, resided occasionally at Milan. At the fall of the Western 

 empire, Milan was twice devastated, once by Attila, and afterwards 

 by the Qoths under Vitiges, A.IX 589, and it did not recover from 

 their ravages for several centuries after. In the latter part of the 

 9tb oentoiy the archbishop Anspertus restored the walls built by 

 Msximianos, and thus gave security to the inhabitants. From that 

 time Milan reoovared, and grew in population and wealth, and became 

 gradually the principal dty of Lombardy. [Lombaboo-Veniitia.v 

 KtsoDOM.] The present city of Milan haa no claims to classical 

 antiquity, the only remains of Roman oonstruotion being 16 handsome 

 fluted pillan near the dinrch of San Lorenso. 



An msurrection sgainst the Austrians broke out in Milan in March, 

 1848, ia aonsaqnenoe of which Ficld-Maiahal Radetzky, at the bend 

 of tha Aoatrian garrison, retreated eastward, gathering all the garrisons 

 hi hk march to the line of the Mindo. Charles Albert, king of 

 Sardinia, advaooed to Lombardy at tha head of his army to support 

 the inmiigants, and aocompanied rather than aided by a rabble of 

 Italian republicans, pursued the Austrians. Engagements on the whole 

 Csvourabk) to the Italiaiv aaoae, as it waa called, took place at Ouito 

 •nd Somna Ciompagna, and Pasohiera capitulated to the Sardinians 

 •flfay tOlb), but tliey failed in their attack upon Verona. Meanwhile 

 iki q u w Uuu of a prompt union of Lombardy with Sardinia was pot 

 to the TOta in all the oommunes of Lombardy by the provisional 



rsmineiit of MiUn, and carried by 661,002 votes, only 681 voting 

 dday. Charles Albert, at his head-quarters in Oarda, on the lake 

 of that name, signed the act of union, which was ratified by the 

 Hm^HuImi natUamant by 127 voices Moinst 7. On tha SSrd of July, 

 ik» yMd-Harshol hsvi^ put down the insurreotion in tha Vanatian 

 Huiluust) aad nthared his rainforcamanta, advaooed from the Adige 

 io Va W edo, aod the heights of Ciutoaaa on the Minoio, where a deci- 

 liva batUa fooght next day resulted in the defeat of the Piedmontese 

 army, and their retreat to Ooito on the right bank of the Mindo. In 

 vain the provisioiial government at the instigation of Masxini, appointed 

 • oonautlaa ef dafaoea to organise a 'levy-en-maase' against the 

 AartciMM; tha latter advaaoad, teodving tha submissfcn of Cremona, 

 HM%lialliiiis,and other towna on their march. Pnrsuen and pursued 

 tMwitsd tha naighbourbood of Milan together, whara^ after a short 



angagament, tha Sardinians took refuge in the town, and next day, 

 August 5th, capitulated to Field-Marshal Radataky. 



MILBOURNE. [SoiuRsmiURL] 



MILDKNHALL, Suffolk, a market-town, and the seat of a Poor- 

 Law Union, in the parish of Mildenhall, is situatctl in 52' 20' N. lat., 

 0° 31' W. long., 12 miles N.W. by W. from Bury St. Edmunds, and 

 70 miles N. by E. &om London. The population of the pariah in 

 1851 was 4874. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Sud- 

 bury and dioeesa of Ely. Mildenhall Poor-Law Union oontuus 18 

 parisheaand townships, with an area of 69,629 aores, and a population 

 m 1861 of 10,351. 



Mildenhall stands on the border of tha fen country, a little to the 

 left of the rood from L<»don to Norwich. It is irregularly laid o\it ; 

 the streets are lighted with gas ; the houses are for the most part well 

 built. The church, a huge handsome edifice, in the perpendicular 

 style, with a tower 120 feet high, has lately undergone extensive 

 alterations and repairs. The roof is of wood, handsomely carved. 

 There are chapels for Baptists and Cialviuistic and Wesleyan Method- 

 ists, a National school, and a mechanics institute. The market is on 

 Friday, and there is a considerable fair in the beginning of October. 

 The river Larke, which passes the town, facilitates the export of oom 

 and agricultural produce. 



MILFORD. [Dekbyshibe.] 



MILFORU, Pembrokeshire, a market-town, borough, and sea-port, 

 partly in the parish of Steyntoo, and jiartly in that of Hubberston, 

 is situated on the north shore of Milford Haven, in 51" 41' N. lat., 

 6° 1' W. long., 12 miles W.N.W. from Pembroke, and 258 miles W. 

 by K. from London. The population of the borough of Milford in 

 1851 was 2837. 



Milford rose into importance about the commencement of the 

 present century, when it was mode a station for the mail packets 

 communicating with the south of Ireland, and docks and quays were 

 erected at the port. A royal dockyard, and slips for building ships of 

 war were constructed, and an arsenal was established. In 1814 the 

 dockyards at Pater or Pembroke on the opposite side of the Uaveu 

 were erected, and the naval establishmonta were removed from Milford. 

 Some years later the statiou of the mail steamers for Waterford wax 

 removed to Hobb's Point at Pater. After these events the prosperity 

 of Milford declined. The construction of new docks is expected to 

 benefit the town. From the salubrity of the climate, and its con- 

 venience for seo-batliing, Milford is much resorted to by invalids. 

 There are in Milford a handsome church, erected in 1805, places of 

 worship for Wesleyan Methodists, Independents, Baptists, and 

 Quakers ; an Endowed National school, a British school, a modumics 

 institute, aod a reading-room. There is a neat market-house, and 

 markets are held on Tuesday and Saturday. 



The number of vessels registered as belonging to the port of Mil- 

 ford, on the Slst December, 1853, was:— Under50 tons 78, tonnage 1978; 

 above 60 tons 70, tonnage 8494 ; with one steam-vessel of 48 tons. 

 During 1853 there entered the port 739 sailing-vessels, of 33,002 tons, 

 and 161 steam-vessels of 88,639 tons; and there cleared 1807 sailing- 

 vessels of 44,899 tons, and 49 staam-veaaels of 12,485 tons. Milford 

 Haven is spacious, safe, and easily acoessible in all weathers; large 

 numbers of vessels are frequently protected in the Haven. On St. 

 Ann's Point, at the western extremity of the Haven, ore two light- 

 houses, erected in 1800. Some small forta called blockhouses still 

 remain, which were erected by Henry VIIL 



MlLKuKD, county of Donegal, Ireland, a small post-town, and the 

 seat of a Poor-Law Union, is situated about half a mile S. from 

 Mulroy Bay, in 55° 6' N. lat,, 7° 42' W. long., 27 miles N.N.W. from 

 Lifibrd, and 156 miles N.N.W. from Dublin by road. The [lopulatiou 

 in 1851 was 437. Milford Poor-Law Union comprises 12 electoral 

 divisions, with an area of 111,836 acres, and a population in 1851 of 

 31,552. The town contains a few shops, some good bouses, and the 

 Union workhouse. Petty sessions are held on the second Thursday of 

 every raoutiL A market or fair is held on the 28rd of every month. 



MILHAN. [AvBVBON.] 



MILITARY FRONTIER. ThU is the name pven to a tract of 

 country which extends from the Adriatic Sea to iiie Bukowina, between 

 the frontiers of Illyria, Croatia, Slavouia, Hungary, Transylvania, 

 and those of Turkey. Its length is about 1000 miles, from the 

 Adriatic, near 16° 48' E. long., to the defile of Ostocs, in 26° 25' K. lon^., 

 and it lies between 44° 7' and 47° 36' N. lat. ; its bresdth varies m 

 different parts. Tha area is about 13,000 square miles. The whole 

 of this tract oompriMa— 1, the western or Croatian Military Frontier; 

 2, the Slavonian Military Frontier; 3, the Hungarian or Banat Mili- 

 tary Frontier ; 4, the Transylvauiau Military Frontier. The Military 

 Frontier now forms one of the crownlands of the Austrian empire, 

 and is divided into two military coniniauiloriiis, the area and military 

 population of which, according to the ofiicial returns of 1850-1, are 

 as follows : — 



Comauuideriss. 



Ana ia Square Miles. 



Fopolation ia IStl. 



Cn»tU and Blavoola . 

 Bsaat sad Bervia . . 



7,500 

 t,3«8 



e?o,est 



M8,4i4 



Total . . . 



13,898 



1,009,109 



