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UONT-DE-HARSAK. 



JIOXTEVIDEO. 



8?4 



I 



1I0NT-DE1X.UISAN. [Lasdks.] 

 MONT-D'OR. [PuT-DE-DoME.] 



MONT-LOUIS. [PrRE-VEES^OBIBSTALES.] 



MOXTAGNAC. [Hebault.] 



SIONTALTO. [Ffrmo.] 



MONTARGIS. [Loiret.] 



MONTAUBAN, a town in the south of France, capital of tbe 

 department of Tarn-et-Garonne, is situated on the Tarn, in 44° 1'6 " X. 

 iat., V 21' 17" E. long., at an elevation of 318 feet above the surface 

 of the sea ; 32 miles K. from Toalouse, and has 23,3U inhabitants in 

 the commune. 



The town was founded in 1144 by Count Alphonse of Toulouse. 

 In the religious contests of the 16th century it was fortified by the 

 Huguenot party, and resisted the attack of the C»tholics, who besieged 

 it under Monluc in 1580. In the following century, being still in the 

 hands of the same party, it resisted the attack of Louis XIII. in 1621, 

 and did not submit until after the siege and capture of Rochelle in 

 1 620. Ita fortifications were soon after destroyed. 



Tbe gates of the town, the only remains of its old fortifications, 

 are of elegant architecture; the streets are well laid out and clean, 

 and the bouses, which are of brick, are in general well built. There 

 is a handsome square in the centre of the town. The town walks, 

 from which there is a fine view of tbe distant Pyrenees, are Tery 

 attractive. Tbe public buildings most worthy of notice are — tbe fine 

 old cathedral, tbe town-hall, and the bishop's palace. The manufac- 

 tures are woollen-cloth, kei-seymere, serge, silk-stockings and broad 

 silks, starch, and cards for dressing woollen goods; there are also 

 soap-houses, potteries, brandy distilleries, tau-}ards, and dye-houses. 

 The town has a good corn-market, and there are five fairs in the year. 

 The navigation of the Tarn and the Qaronne affords ready communi- 

 cation with Bordeaux. The town has a theatre and a public library 

 of 11,000 volumes. Montauban is the seat of a bishop; it has theo- 

 logical and commimal colleges, a Calvinist theological seminary, a 

 tribunal of first instance, and a consultative chamber of manufactures. 



MONTAUBAN. [Ille-et-Vilains.] 



MONTBAZON. [I.VDBE-ET-LOIBE.] 



MONTBfiLIARD. [DocBS.] 



MONTBENOIT. [DoCBS.1 



MONTBBISuN. [Loibe.] 



MONTCORNET. [Amse.] 



MONTCUQ. [Lot.] 



MONTDIDIER. [Soiwe.] 



MONTE CASINO. [Lavobo, Tbbba dl] 



MONTE CATINL [Fibexze.] 



MONTE OABOANO. [Capitanata.] 



MONTE SANT ANGELO. [Capitanata.1 



MONTEBOURO. [Ma.vche.] 



MONT EC HA Rl. [Bbescu.] 



MONTEGO BAY. [Jakaica.] 



MONTELEONE. [Cai-abbia.] 



MONTELllIART. [DBdnE.] 



MONTELOVEZ. [Mexico.] 



MONTEMAR O NOVO. [Alemtejo.] 



MONTE MOB VELHO. [Beiba.] 



MONTENE'GRO (C»rna Qora, Black Mountain, so called from the 

 dark forests that clothe its mountain sides), is a high rugged district, 

 forming a small independent state, nominally under the protection of 

 Austria, and situated on the borders of Albania, Herzegovina, and tbe 

 Austrian territory of Cattaro. The country is described as a succession 

 of high niKged limestone ridges diversified here and there by lofty 

 peaks, and in some parts looking ' like a sea of immense waves turned 

 ioto stone.' The highest summits of the region are between 5000 and 

 6000 feet high. The mountain sides are generally clothed with 

 timber. Between the ridges high valleys slope down to the south-ea»t 

 draini'd by two streams, tbe Schiniza and the Ricovcernovich, both 

 affluents of the Lake of Scutari. The area of this mountainous 

 district is stated to be 1481 square miles. It is said to contain about 

 120,000 inhabitants, a fierce Slavish race, which has always maintained 

 its Indt'pendence against the Turks. They are described as hospitable 

 to strangers, but their habits of savage warfare in their constant 

 border foi-ays with the Turks, in which heads are cut off and exhibited 

 as trophies, prove them to be little less than barbarians. The men 

 are idle and gossipping, except when on their plundering excursions. 

 The women, coarse, muscular, and strong, in consequence of their 

 unfeminine occupations, are the ' beasts of burden ' in Montenegro. 

 The Montenegrins belong to the Greek Church ; they were, tiU the 

 accession of the present ruler, governed by a ' vladika,' or prince, who 

 was at onoe a bishop, a judge, a legislator, and commander-in-chief. 

 The office was hereditary in the family of Petrovich ; but as every 

 vladika was consecrated bishop, and could not marry, the succession 

 always fell to a nephew or some other member of the family. The 

 present ruler of Montenegro, Prince Dauieli, on his accession refused 

 to be consecrated bishop, with the view of founding a princely house 

 for his own descendant*. Be rules his country with almost absolute 

 ■way, assisted by a senate of twelve members. 



The following are the principal valleys of Montenegro : — 1. Katunzka 

 Nahia, the widest and most central, is watered by the Ricovcernovich, 

 •od oootains the capital, Ctttifpu, with a convent, the residence of the 



Greek bishop, and the villages of Gnegusi, Xaguendo, and others. 

 Mount Bukovizza rises above this valley in the centre of Montenegro. 

 2. Liesanska Nahia, which runs north of and parallel to the preceding, 

 contains the village of Dobro and some hamlets. 3. Czerniskn Nahia, 

 the southernmost district of Montenegro, a long narrow valley between 

 the Austrian territory on the; west (from which it is divided by mounts 

 Giuigevo, Ortich, and Resevich), and Turkish Albania on the east (fiom 

 which it is separated by another ridge), contaius several villages, 

 Ocinichi, Opticichi, Dobraceli, &c. 



In the wars of Venice with the Turks the Montenegiins acted as 

 auxiliaries of the former power. After the fall of Venice in 1797 

 Cattaro was piven up to Austria. By the treaty of Presbuig in 1805 

 it was ceded to France ; but before the French garrison could reach 

 that district the natives, joined to tbe Montenegrins, rose in arms and 

 occupied Cattaro, Castelnuovo, and the other towns. This served to 

 the French as a pretext for taking forcible possession of the neigh- 

 bouring republic of Ragusa; but the Montenegrins came down from 

 the mountains and besieged General Lauriston within the town of 

 Ragusa. A desperate war ensued between the ilontenegrins and the 

 French commanded by Marmont, Lauriston, and Molitor, in which no 

 quarter was given ; uutU the French at last took possession of Cattaro, 

 and drove the Montenegrins back to their mountains. 



Since 1814 the Montenegrins are nominally und-r the protection of 

 Austria, to whom they are occasionally a source of trouble, on iwcouut 

 of their incursions into the Turkish territory, and the consequent 

 complaints of the Turkish authorities. In November 1852, Prince 

 Danieli, at the head of a body of }(o»tenegrins, captured the fortified 

 Turkish fort of Zabljak, at the northern extremity of the Lake 

 of Scutari, the fisheries of which are much coveted by the Montene- 

 grins. In some petty engagements that followed the Montenegrins 

 were victorious, until, in consequence of their outrages, the Turks 

 blockaded all the coast approaches to their country ; and on the land- 

 side Omer Pasha, at the head of an army of 20,000 men, stormed the 

 village of Qrahovo, and occupied all the accessible parts of tbe country, 

 confining tbe inhabitants to their mountain fastnesses, not however 

 before Uiey had given many proofs of fearless bravery. The pa^ha 

 was preparing to complete the conquest of this troublesome district 

 when Austria, alarmed at seeing so near her frontier a large Turkish 

 force, which contained many of her own exiled subjects, interposed, 

 and obtained the withdrawal of the Turks at the end of February 

 1853, and the restoration of the ttatut qiu>. 



The soil of the valleys of Montenegro is not very fertile ; it pro- 

 duces fruits, some wine, maize, potatoes, tobacco, and vegetables, and 

 has good pasturage and abundance of timber. The inhabitants live in 

 800 villages scattered among the valleys. Cettigne is the capital. The 

 climate is healthy. The houses are built of stone and covered with 

 shingle. Every village has its church. Cattle, sheep, goats, and pig.^ 

 are numerously reared ; mules and asses are used as beasts of burtlen ; 

 articles are transferred from one place to another on the backs of these 

 uiimals, carriages being unknown. Fish are abundant. 



MONTEPELOSO. [Basilicata.] 



MONTEREALE. [Abbdzzo.] 



MONTEREAU. [SEIUE-Er-MABNE.] 



MONTEREY. [Califobnia : Mexico.] 



MONTESCAOLIOSO. [Basiucata.] 



MONTESQUIEU-VOLVESTRE. [Gabonne, Hadte.] 



MONTET-AUX-MOINES. [Allieb.] 



MONTEVIDEO, or SAN FELIPE DE MONTEVIDEO, the 

 capital of the republic of Uraguay, in South America, is situated in 

 34° 63' S. Iat, 56° 16' W. long., and built on a small promontory, 

 which forms the eastern shore of its harbour, the western consisting 

 of another projecting point connected with a hill, from which the 

 town has received its name. It is 130 miles from Cape Santa Mary, 

 wliich forms the northern point of the entrance of the La Plata River, 

 and opposite the town the river is still 70 miles wide. Its harbour is 

 more than 4 miles long, and more than 2 miles wide, but too shallow 

 for large vessels ; it is also exposed to the pamperos, or south-we.stem 

 winds, which blow over the pampas with exceedingly great force. 

 With ail these disadvantages it is the best harbour on tbe broad 

 sestuary of the La Plata River. The town is in general well built, 

 the streets being wide, straight, and intersecting each other at right 

 anodes ; they are paved, and have narrow footways. The house.i are 

 built with taste, and have flat roofs and parapets. The cathedral, 

 dedicated to tbe apostles San Felipe and San Jago, is not distinguished 

 by its architecture, nor are there any other public buildings of note. 

 Montevideo is a very healthy place, but suffers from want of wood 

 and water. The inhabitants use rain-water, which is collected in 

 cisterns placed in the court-yard of each house ; but there are also 

 some wells dtig near the sea-shore, from which water is brought in 

 carts for the supply of the town. The population, which before 1810 

 is stated to have amounted to 36,000 souls, was reduced by war and a 

 siege, which the town had to sustain against the Brazilians, to 15,000 

 souls. During the sway of General Rosas in Buenos Ayres it suffered 

 greatly in its commerce and otherwise by the long irregular siege it 

 sustained, and which terminated only on the downfal of Rosas. The 

 population now perhaps does not exceed 12,000. Its commerce has 

 recently been increasing ; but the unsettled state of the republic 

 of tbe Algerine Confederation, and the jealousy of Buenos Ayres, 



