﻿MORBCAUBE. 



MOSCOW, 



8M 



It •ftanrmrdlB belonged to tho Eaitarn, or Bynntine, omixrors till tbo 

 begwoin^ of tho ISth eaotary, when tbs Frank* baviog conquered 

 Cooxtantioople, tha Venetian* obtained for their chare (everal idanda 

 of Qreece and a eoniidarable part of tho Peloponneau*, with the 

 tnwna of Coroo, IfodoD, Argoa, Nauplia, Corinth, Ac It was then 

 tliat they gare the peninaula the name of Morea, from the quanti^ 

 of mnlbMriea ('more' in Italian) which it prodaced. 



Toward* the end of the l&th centurj the Morea was conquered by 

 the Tutka, and the Venetian* were expelled from it In 1684 war 

 having broken out between Venice and the Porte, the V en et i an* sent 

 an armament, which oooqaered tho peninsula, to which they saTe tha 

 name of a kingdom, nibject to Venice, and it* fi«g wa* hoiated on the 

 aquare of SL Mark. In 1715 the Turks, after an ardnona *tnig|[;le, 

 reoonqnered the Morea. In 17T0 an insurrection broke out amongst 

 the Oraek inhahitanti, but the Porte marehed into it a larfj^e body of 

 Albaaiana, who darastated and reduced the country. In 1880-21 the 

 Morcota* joined in the general reTolt of the Oreeka,and after a long 

 Btmggle^ battle of NaTarino (1829) at last deliTered the Morea from 

 the Tnrkish yoke. The Morea forms now an iiiriimtiil part of the 

 kingdom of Greece. 



(Coronelli : Leake ; Sir William Gell, J/oreo.) 



MOKKCAMBK: [Lakcashiri.] 



MOKELIA, or VALLADOLID. [Mexico.] 



MOKKMA, SIKRRA. [Axdalusia.] 



MORETON BAY. [Walm, N«w Sooth.] 



MORETON HAMPSTEAD. [Dkvosshibs.] 



MORETON-IN-THE-MAltSH. rawucEffrEBSHiRK.] 



MOREZ. [Jura, Department of.] 



MOROARTEN. [Zoa] 



MORLAI.X. [FlsisrtRB.] 



MOROCCO. [Maboooo.] 



MORPETH, Northumberland, a market-town, municipal and par- 

 liamentary borough, and the seat of a Pooi^Law Union, m the parish 

 of Morpeth, u situated in 65° 10' N. lat, 1' 40' W. long., distant 

 16 milea N. by W. from Kaweaatle, 2S9 miles N.N.W. from London 

 by road, and 820 miles by the Orenl Northern, and York, Kewcastle, 

 and Berwick railways. The population of the municipal borough of 

 Morpeth in 1851 was 4096 ; that of the parliamentary borough was 

 10,012. The borough is goremed by 4 aldermen and 12 councUlon, 

 one of whom is mayor ; and returns two members to the Imperial 

 Parliament. For sanitary porpoees Morpeth is under the management 

 of a Local Board of Health. The living is a rectory in the archdea- 

 conry of Lindisfame and diocese of Durham. Morpeth Poor-Law 

 Union oontains 72 parishes and townships, with an area of 03,798 

 acre*, and a population in 1851 of 18,120. 



The town stands on a sort of peninsula formed by the windings of 

 the Wansbeck. The road from Newcastle enters the town from the 

 south 1>y an elegant bridge of three arches over the river, designed by 

 TaUord, and there is a suspension-bridge on the west side. The 

 ■trceta, whidi aia farvgnlariy Uid out, are lighted by gaa. The church, 

 built in the 14th century, is neariy half a mile from the town, on the 

 iida of the river ; it consist* of a nave and chancel, with a western 

 tower. In the churchyard is an ancient octagonal cross. Tha Wes- 

 leyan MethodisU, Presl^riana, Independents, and Roman Catholics 

 have places of worship. The Free Grammar School of Edward VI., 

 founded in 1662. had 80 scholars in 1868. The income from endow- 

 ment, which was 224/. in 1830, is expected to be more than doubled, 

 owing to tha termination of the Chancery suit, ' The Attomey-Oeneral 

 r. Trevalyaa,' which oommenoed about 160 years ago. There are also 

 National and Infant sohools, a meohanios institate and library, a 

 savings bank, and a dispensary. The ootmty jail and houae of cor- 

 rection was erected about 30 years since, at a oost of 70,000<. The 

 gateway is an imposing mass of building, and contains the chapel, the 

 ■**eion*-boi»e or hall for county businees, in which the Easter sessions 

 tot the ooonW are held, and other apartments. Near the jail are the 

 remain* of Morpeth Caatle, a rude and strong building, of which the 

 Bte-housa and the outer wall, now much shattered, are still standing. 

 Tha town-h«U wa* erected by Sir John Vanborgh. Morpeth has a 



rd weekly mailet for live stock on Wednesday. Five fairs are held 

 ^ *^ jear. Some Sannel is made in the town ; brewing, malting, 

 U llj t ll ^, and hat-making are carried on, and there are iron-foundries 

 •ad oon-miUa. Raoes are held yeariy in the first week of September. 



MOR& fAAUWRo.] 



MORTAdNK [Omx.] 



MORTAIN. [Mai.cbe.1 



MOBTARA. [NovABA.] 



MORTKAU. [DoDBi] 



MORTLAKE. [Sobrst.] 



u^.S'iX^' ^^ ^f-BM at • Ullr ragion in the ontie of Fronoa, 

 wbidi fcnu part of tU watanhed between Uie Loire and the Seine. 

 It BOW fowne ^amitli-wsat of the department of COta-d'Or, tiie 

 BOTth-ws^af BaAna-et-L^re, and tha aeat of the depattmeot of 

 NMvn. The Memo Hilla are an o&hoot tram the CAta^'Or Moun- 

 tains; tber extend Unit in a direction of wmt-north-wtet from the 

 ■Dorow of the Amiiz and tha Annan9on, tributaries rsspactivsly of 

 tte Loire Mrf the 8d»^ to bavood the town of Saulieu, andtha aonth- 

 Jjwt to the toaroa oT the ToMa and tha Vsodanease. The height* 

 tiMl form the edge of the two bnte* to the west of the TonnewT a 



oontinuatton of the Morvan Hills, but they are known by no partioular 

 name ; they run across the dep.irtment of Ni&vre and the eonth-waet 

 of that of Yonne, beyond wliioh they unite with the hills of the Forest 

 of Orleans. The Morvan Hills are of inconsiderable height ; they coo- 

 sist for the moat part of a table-land of granite or other primitive 

 rocks, traversed bf narrow vallaya and watered by numerous strean*. 

 The region afford* in some part* good pasturage ; other part* are 

 dotlied with wood ; the rest is naked and care : buckwheat, oata^ and 

 rye are the only grains raised. 



MORWINSTOW. [Cornwall.] 



MOSAISK. rUoscow, Qovemment o£] 



MOSAMBIQUE. [Moxaubiqub.] 



MOSCOW ( Jfostwa), one of the eight governments of Oreat Russia, 

 is situated nearly in the centre of European Russia, between 64° 40" 

 and 66° 30' N. Ut, 35° 10' and 38° 40' E. long. It is bounded N.W. 

 by Twer, N.E. by Wladimir, S.E. by Riusan, H. by Tuta, aW. by 

 Kaluga, and W. by Smolensk. Its area is 12,469 square mike. The 

 population in 1846 was 1,374,700. It is divided into 13 circles. 



The faoe of the country is an undulating plain, here and there broken 

 by groups of low hills, but nowhere presenting any grand scenery : only 

 the environs of the capital have any attractive spots, most of whien 

 however owe their beauties to ftri. The soil is for the most part loam 

 and sand, with some heath and marsh ; and on the whole the land is 

 but moderately fertile. Boulders of granite and other kinds of rock 

 ore met with in more or less abundance on the sur&ce, or in the beds 

 of day and sand. 



This government is most amply provided with water, there being 

 109 lakes, none of which however are of any great extent, and 2610 

 rivers and streams. The principal rivers are — the Wolga, which 

 indeed only just touches the province for a short distance iu the north, 

 where it receives tho Lama and tho Sestria on the right bank ; the 

 Olut, which forms the southern boundary ; the Moskwa, which 

 gives it* name to tho government and to the capital ; and the Voria 

 and the Khazma in the east, which unite to form a great tributary of 

 tho Oka, which it joins on the western border of the government of 

 Nishnei- Novgorod. The Moskwa rises iu the east of the government 

 of Smolensk, near 55° 30' N. lat, 35° 15' E. long., and flowing east- 

 ward soon enters the government to which it gives name. Hence it 

 pursues the same easterly course past Moejaisk and Zvenigorod to the 

 dty of Moscow ; on entering which it takes a general south-east course 

 to its junction with the Oka on the southern border of the govern- 

 ment of Moscow. The whole length of the Moskwa is about 200 

 miles. Its principal feeders are the Iskwa, the Rusa, and the latra 

 on the left, and the Paktera on the right. The river is navigable in 

 the open season, but the navigation is interrupted by a rapid under 

 the bridge of Moeoow. By its upper course timl>er, firewood, 

 jtc, aro brought down to the capital, to which provisions, ic, are 

 brought up the river from the Volga and the Oka. Moscow ha* 

 oommunicatiou with the upper Volga also by mean* of a canal that 

 unites the Istra to the Sestria. The rivers are in general frozen about 

 tho middle of November, and tliaw by the end of March. The whole 

 length of the winter, including the less genial days of the autumn 

 and the spring, is reckoned to be five months. 



Agriculture is the chief occupation of tho inhabitants, and Mohcow 

 is one of the best cultivated as well as one of the most populous 

 provinces of the whole empire. As the soil is but moderately fertile, 

 and the capital consumes a vast quantity of com, the crop is never 

 sufficient, even in good years, for the supply of the inhabitants, and 

 large quantities are therefore imported. Flax, hemp, and hope ate 

 cultivated by the farmers for their own use, but the mnnufocturen 

 must obtain their supplies elsewhere. Horticulture is carried on to 

 a great extent, and the produce is nearly adequate to the consump- 

 tion ; most vegetables flourish, especially those whioh the Russian* 

 prefer, such as tiunips, carrots, onions, garlick, cabbages, cucumber*, 

 and gourds ; other kinds of garden vegetables are cultivated in the 

 environs of Moscow — the asparagus is celebrated all over the empire 

 for its size and fine flavour. Fruit is scarce, and though apples, 

 pears, and cherries thrive, in fact only apples are attended ta The 

 beat sort of apple is of Chinese origin ; it is called Naliwy ; is trans- 

 parent, juicy, and pretty well flavoured. There are likewise many 

 plums. 



In general there i* no want of wood for timber or fuel. The number of 

 cattle is not sufficient for the supply of the province, which requires a 

 great importation, not only of cattJe, but of wool, tallow, jco. What 

 the inhabitant* chiefly attend to are domestic poultry and calves, for 

 which they are sure of obtaining a good price in the capital. Some 

 attempt* have been made of late yean to improve the breed of shaaph 

 More attention has been paid to the breed of horses, and there ate 

 several considerable studs, some of which belong to the crown. Game 

 is not abundant Bean and wolves have not yet been quite extirpated 

 in the great forests. Moat of the rivers and lakes abound in fish, but 

 are far from yielding sufficient for the consumption of the people. 

 The minerals are freestone, potters' -olay, brick-clay, lime, gypsum, 

 alabester, and bog-iron. 



Manufactures of variotis kind* an carried on to a great extent, 

 both by tho oountry-people for their own supply as well as for sale^ 

 and also in the villages and towns, and especially in the capital Tha 

 number of manuCsotorie* ha* inoreaaed rapidly in recent times. The 



