﻿881 



M0GRON. 



MUNICH. 



southward, lie opposite to one another, nearly 3 miles outside that of 

 Mozambique ; they are of coral, covered with vegetation, but without 

 iohabitantn. 



The north-eastern extremity of the island is occupied by the strong 

 fort of San Sebastiad. There are also two other small forts. The 

 streets of the city are narrow, but the houses are generally lofty and 

 well constructed. Nearly in the middle of the city is a larg.- square, 

 at the eastern extremity of which is a long and commodious stone 

 wharf, built on arches, stretching out from the shore almost to low- 

 water mark, and affording at all times an excellent landing for boats. 

 On the three other sides of the square arc the palace of the governor, 

 the custom-house, and the main-guard. The city covers half tlie 

 island ; to the south of it is the Black Town, composed of small 

 bamboo-hut', and inhabited by coloured people. 



The population, amounting to about 6000, consists of Portngnese, 

 Canareens, or Creoles, Banyans from Hindustan, free-coloured people, 

 and slaves. The commerce of Mozambique has greatly decreased : it 

 formerly traded largely with India, and was notorious as a slave-port. 

 In addition to slaves, only a small quantity of ivory, gold-dust, and a 

 few articles of smaller value were sent abroad. Rico and other pro- 

 visions are imported from Madagascar and the neighbouring Arab 

 settlements. The Portuguese have gardens for growing vegetables on 

 the mainland. Qood drinking-water is scarce ; there is only one well 

 on the island. 



Mozambique was first visited by Vasco de Gama in 1493. It was 

 taken in 150S by Tristan da Cunha and Albuquerque, and became the 

 centre of the Portuguese possessions, and the seat of a viceroy. 

 Whilst the Portu!;ueae remained in poasession of their extensive con- 

 quests in India, Mozambique and the other settlements on this coast 

 were iu a flourishing state, but they began to decline in the 17th 

 century, and have continued to decline ever since. The governor of 

 Mozambique has still the supreme authority over all the Portuguese 

 settlements from Cape Delgado to Dalagoa Bay. 



MUGRON. [Lasdes.] 



MCHLHAUSEN. [Ebfcrt.] 



MOhLHEIM. [Dc5SEij)0Br.] 



MUIRKIRK. [Ayhshibk.] 



MULA. [Mdrcia.] 



MOLHAUSEN, a large manufacturing town in the French depart- 

 ment of Haut-Rhin, which, with the communes of Illzach and Moden- 

 teim, though entirely surrounded by France, was a member of the 

 Swiss Confederation till 1793, when it voted its annexation to France, 

 with which it was incorporated by treaty in 1798. The town is 

 situated on the 111, a feeder of the Rhine, in 47° 45' N. lat, 7° 21' E. 

 long., at a distance by railway of 27 miles S. from Colmar, 18 miles 

 K.W. from Basel ; and has a tribunal of commerce, a bank, a council 

 of Pnid'Hommes, a college, and 20,587 inhabitants. Miilhausen is 

 built on an island formed by the 111, which is here crossed by several 

 bridges. The town forms an irregular oval : the streets are tolerably 

 broad and well paved, and the houses well built. There are a Catholic 

 and a Protestant church, a town-hall, a synagogue, an hospital, several 

 squares, and a college. MUlhausen has obtained deserved celebrity 

 for its printed cottons, for the manufacture of which there arc several 

 important establishments. The other manufactures are cotton and 

 woollen-yam, muslin, silk, wooUen-cloth, hosiery, straw-hats, morocco 

 leather, soap, damask, linen thread, Ik. There are dye-houses, tan- 

 yards, metal-foundries, and large establishments for the manufacture 

 of st-am-machinery, which is extensively used in the great industrial 

 establishments of the town. There is also a considerable commerce 

 in com, wine, brandy, groceries, hardware, iron, Ac The canal which 

 unites the RhAne to the Rhine passes by the town. A railroad, 

 1 3 miles in length, runs westward from Miilhausen to the busy little 

 manufacturing town of Thann. [Kbi.h, Hact.] 



MULL. [Abotleshibe.] 



MULLINGAR, Ireland, the chief town of the county of Westmeatb 

 and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, is situated on the Royal Canal, in 

 53" 82' N. lat, 7° 18' W. long., dUt«nt 50 miles W.N.W. from Dublin 

 by road, and by the Midland Great Western railway. The population 

 in 1851 was 4789, beoiiles 2023 in the workhouse, infirmary, and jail. 

 Mullingar Poor-Law Union comprises 48 electoral divisions, with an 

 area of 208,401 acres, and a population in 1841 of 62,094 ; in 1851 of 

 51,221.* The town obtained certain privileges by royal letter from 

 Elizabeth. In the war of the revolution Mullingar was fortified and 

 made a principal rendezvous of the army of King William. It is 

 watered by the Brosna, a tributary of the Shannon. The parish 

 church, erected in 1813, is a handsome building with a tower and 

 spire. The Roman Catholic chapel is the cathedral for the diocese of 

 Meath. There are a small Presbyterian meeting-house, a Wesleyan 

 chapel, a Diocesan school. National schools, and a nunnery which was 

 built about 40 years since on the site of an ancient Dominican friary. 

 In Mullingar are the county court-bouse and jail, the county infirmary, 

 the Union workhouse, and a largo infantry barrack. The assizes for 

 the county are held in Mullingar, also quarter and petty sessions. 

 Thunulsy is the market-day. Fairs are held on April 6tb, July 4th, 

 AugiMt 29th, and November 11th and 12tb. 



MULWIA. [.Mabocoo.] 



MfiNDEN. [HlLDESHEIM.] 



MUNDLESIR. [Hisdowak.] 

 '.EO';. mv. VOL. iir. 



MUNEEPOOR, a principality of India east of the Ganges, is bounded 

 E. by Birma, and W. by the British province of Caohar. The boundaries 

 N. and S. are mountainous regions, and imperfectly defined. The 

 territory is comprehended between 24° and 25° 15' N. lat., 93° and 

 95° E. long. The greatest length west to east is 130 miles, the greatest 

 breadth north to south is 85 miles. The area is 7584 square miles. 

 The population, according to the latest estimate, is 75,840. 



The valley of Muneepoor, which constitutes the principal and by 

 far the most important part of the principality, is 2500 feet above the 

 level of the sea. It consists of a fertile tract on either side of the 

 Imphan Toorel River. An extensive and elevated range of mountains 

 bounds the valley on the west side. On the east it is bounded by the 

 Muring range. On the north and south boundiries of the valley are 

 the projecting ends of numerous rid^-es which issue from two extensive 

 mountain tracts. The principal river of the vale of Muneepoor is the 

 Imphau Toorel, which rises with two principal branches in the moun- 

 tain region lying north of the vale ; the eastern is called the Eeril 

 River, and the western the Khongba River. The two juin about 

 24° 40' N. lat., and the united river afterwards receives the Thobal, 

 the Myettha, and the Koretub. The Imphan Toorel, after a course 

 of 300 miles, interrupted by many falls and rapids, joins the Ningtha, 

 a tributary of the Irawaddy. 



The Barak, or Soormah River, ti'averses the mountainous district 

 west of the vale of Muneepoor, and has a course of more than ISO miles 

 through Muneepoor, but its stream is too rapid fi>r navigation. At 

 the mouth of the Jeeree River it becomes navigable for boats of 

 moderate burden. The Barak joins the Brahmaputra near the village 

 of Sunerampoor, in Bengal. The climate of the vale of Muneepoor is 

 modified by its elevation above the sea, and by the mountains which 

 surround it. In December and January the thermometer at noon 

 varies between 56° and 58° Fahr. In June it generally attains a 

 height of from 80° to 85°. The agricultural produce consists chiefly 

 of rice, which forms the staple article of food, and the crops are every- 

 where very abundant Tobacco, sugar-cane, indigo, mustard, different 

 kinds of sesamum, and opium are also cultivated, and cotton ia the 

 valleys of the mountainous districts. European vegetables are now 

 much cultivated. There are extensive forests in the mountainous 

 districts. Cedar of gigantic size, fir, and pine, occupy the highest 

 portions of the range ; oak of every size occurs on the several hills and 

 mountains, and is employed as fuel and building material. 



The animals employed in agriculture are buffaloes and cattle, more 

 especially the former. The cattle are superior to those of Bengal. 

 The horses are small in size, rarely exceeding 13 hands high, but they 

 are hardy, vigorous, and highly valued. Goats and sheep are only 

 reared on the slopes of the mountains. Elephants, deer, wild hogs, 

 wild dogs, and tigers are met with. There ore many varieties of birds. 

 Iron u common in many parts of Muneepoor, especially in the hills 

 near LangtbabaL There are many rich salt-springs. 



Muneepoor valley contains many villages, which are mostly on the 

 banks of the tributaries of the Imphan Toorel. The city of Muneepoor 

 is situated a short distance from the western bank of the Khongba, iu 

 24° 48' N. lat, 94° 7' E. long. It was destroyed in the war with the 

 Birmese, previously to 1826, and has not, as far as we know, been 

 rebuilt 'The Raja fixed his residence in the village of LaugthabaL 



. The Muneepoorees, or inhabitants of the valley, appear to be the 

 descendants of a Mongol colony, which in ancient times penetrated 

 into this country : they rather resemble the Chinese and Birmese than 

 the inhabitants of Beniial, being taller, stronger, and possessing more 

 vigour of mind than the latter. They have made considerable progress 

 in the arts of civilisation. They make several kinds of cotton-cloth 

 and muslins, and their silk fabrics are remarkable for strength and the 

 brilliancy of their colours, especially a kind of large scarfs, which some- 

 times are very richly embroidered, and then exported to Ava. The 

 language of the Muneepoorees is very different from that of Bengal, 

 but the Bengalee is generally understood. Brahmanism seems to be 

 the prevailing reli','ion. 



The principality of Muneepoor has been under the protection of the 

 British since the peace of Tandaboo with the Birmese in 1826. A 

 British political agent resides at the place where the Raja holds his 

 court. Gambhir Sing, the raja who first placed himself under the 

 protection of the BritUh, died in 1832, and was succeeded by his son. 



MUNICH {MUnchen), the capital of the kingdom of Bavaria, and 

 perhaps the handsomest city in Germany, is situated on the left bank 

 of the Isar, in 48° 8' 19' N. lat, 11° 35' 15" E. long., at an elevation 

 of about 1 700 feet above the sea, and had, with its suburbs, a popu- 

 lation of 127,385 in December 1852; in 1815 the population, including 

 the suburbs, was only 60,215. Of the population the great majority 

 are Catholics. The city stands in a plain bounded to the eastward by 

 low hills ; portions of it still bear traces of antiquity ; but its extent 

 has been nearly doubled in the present century by the erection of new 

 quarters and suburbs. It has several broad straight streets, with 

 lofty houses, in a good style, and some very handsome squares. The 

 Max-Joseph Platz is adorned with a colossal bronze statue of King 

 Maximilian. In the centre of the old town is the Haupt-Platz, ou 

 which the numerous streets abut, several of whicli contain a great 

 number of fine buildings. The Au suburb lies to the eastward 

 of the Isar, and is connected with the old city by two bridges. A 

 railway 10 miles in length connects the city with Augsburg, and opens 



31. 



