﻿MUNICH. 



MUNICH. 



8M 



to it Uto ikiliraT (T«temi of wart and Dortb Oarmao/. Tlio terminua 

 ia ooUide the Karlt-Tbor, on the wtat of the oity, near the botonio 

 nrden. A nilwa; U >a ooane of ooattructioii in an aast-aouth-eaet 

 diraotioD from Munich to Salaburg. The city ia conneotad by eleotro- 

 telaKraphio wirea with all the chief townji in Europe. 



Muiiiuh, till the end of the 18th century, waa merely a leoond-rate 

 Q«nuaD capital. It was lurrounded with Funputa and a ditch, wbioh 

 were ramoT<>d in 1791 ; buttevaral of the old caatcllateJ gate-entnuices 

 have been praaerred. The hooaaa in the old town are built in a quaint 

 ptetureequa style, irregular in aiie and form, crowded with windowa, 

 and ornamented with aoroU-work or rudo fresooea. The roofa are 

 high, and perforated with throe or four tiers of lighta. In the great 

 market-place callud Sohnonen-Platx the oharacteriatica of the boue* 

 arohitecturo of old Munich may atill be aeen in all their perfection. 

 The now parts of tlie city extend round the old town in all direoUona. 



Munich has uuiiieroua scieutitic und literary institutions, moat of 

 which were impruvod or t'uunded by Maximilian Joseph L and tho 

 Um ax-ki>g LudwiK ; to the latter it is chiefly indebted for its magoi- 

 rioent building and inestimable trea»ures of ancient and modem art. 

 The Uuynl Academy of Sciencea was founded in 1739 by the elector 

 Maxiuiiiiau Joseph 111. ; in 1S07 it received from Kiug Maximilian L 

 anew constitution auil ample endowment, and was reorganised in 1827. 

 A gaiMral oousarrator has under his care the public library of 400,000 

 vMuiDca and 23,000 manuscripts, the museum of natural history, the 

 Pf«»i|;«n MuMuin (composed of the collections formed by Spix and 

 Martins), tijo .tcieutific cuUectioos, the botanic garden, the cabinet of 

 medals, the cabinet of antiquities, the chemical laboratory, the 

 observatory at Bogeuhau:4eo, ^c There are three gymnasia for the 

 higher branches of education, a royal academy of arts, a militaiy 

 aoulemy, veterinary and medioo-cUuical scfaoolis a training school, a 

 central polytechnic school, and many others. The University, founded 

 in 1472 at lui:nlstadt, was transferred in ISOO to Landshul, and iu 

 1827 to Munich. It bos 58 ordinary and 10 extntordiuary profes- 

 Kors, au'i in 1^0 there were 1884 students. The university is well 

 furnished with all tlu necessary requisites, and has n library of 150,000 

 Tolumea. The charitable institutions are numerous — tho general hos- 

 pital, for GOO i«tients; St Joseph's hospital, for 260 patients; the 

 asylum for the blind and fur deaf mutes ; the military lazaretto ; the 

 poorboose ; the lunatic asylum ; the lying-in hospital ; and many 

 others. The houoe of correction is considered as a model of its kind. 

 It coutnina a manufactory of woollen-clotha 



The manufMituree of Munich comprise linen, woollen-cloth, calicoes, 

 damask, nilk, ribands, household furniture, piano-fortea, playing-cards, 

 articles of gold and silver, bronze- and iron-works, coaches, and mathe- 

 matical, surgical, optical, and astronomical instruments. Fntimhofer's 

 manufactory of a-trouomical and optical instruments bos become 

 celebrated throughout Europe. Theru are likewise manufactories of 

 leather, siiuiT, and pa)>er (the latter, established in 1347, is probably 

 tha oldest iu Uerinouy), extensive breweries, sugar-refineries, and 

 distillrnes. Tha prssenoa of the numerous public eotablishments and 



Evamment ufScea, tha expenditure of the court, and of the numerous 

 id-owners wbo reside in the capitil, contribute still more to its proa- 

 parity than its m a n u f actures. Lithography waa invented at Munich 

 by iiennerdder. 



Tha environs of tha city are very pleaaont, and contain numerous 

 plaoes of public resort and amusement, which are vary much fre- 

 quented : soma of them ore noticed below. In the vicinity are tho 

 royal counlry-aeats of Nympbenburg and Scbleissheim, both of wMch 

 contain fine picture-galleries. The inhabitants uf Munich are very 

 fond uf amusement : in the summer they eiyoy the open air in the 

 oouutiy, and iu the winter, beaidsa the carnival, frequent concerts and 

 haUs. There are likewise three theatres. Though Munich is so far 

 south the climate is by no means mild, in consequence of its elevation 

 and the vicinity of the mountains of the TyroL The changes of 

 tomperature are frequently suddeiL 



Fur it'< celebrity as a i-ent of the fine arts Munich is mainly indebted 

 to the ex-kiug Luilwig L The number of public buildings erected in 

 his reigu is astonishing, when the Umited rtaiouroes of such a small 

 kingdom as Uavaria are taken into the account. Maither is it merely as 

 building* — as works of architecture alone — thut these additions to the 

 capital are wurthy mouuuienta of art; for painting and sculpture, 

 baa to, and in some instances polychromy also, have been unsparingly 

 amployad to embellish them. Very little more than a mere enume- 

 ration of the cliiaf edifioea of Munich can be here given : to describe 

 tham would require a volume. To begin with the older eccleaiastioal 

 atraotaina, tha most ancient is St-Pater's, which dates from the IStb 

 OiDtury, and contains a gathic altar-piece of carved stone in three 

 oomMTtments, the uppermost repraaenting Christ iu Mi^esty, the 

 aiddU the Last Judgment, and the lowest the Crucifixion. The 

 Oathadnl, oc FFaorn-kirchs, which waa begun by Duke Sigmuod in 

 1448, and oomplated 20 years afterwarda, u in the gothio style, con- 

 ■trnetad of red briok. Tha towats ara capped with amall domes, and 

 are 3M feat in baigbt. The lai^th of the edifloe is 321 faet, tbe 

 breadth 123 feat, and the height to the aununit of the vaulting of the 

 nave 110 feeL The choir contains a mausoleum to the memory of 

 the smperor Louis IV., a splendid work of art, which has hardly any 

 aaparior of lU kind thioughout Europe. It is of black marble and 

 braiH^ and waa axeMtad from tha designs of Candido, who also 



painted tho principal altar-piece. The next building in point of anti- 

 quity is St.-Salvator's, now the Greek church, erected iu 14^4; after 

 which, according to the succession of dates, comes St-Micbaal's, or the 

 Jesuits ohuroli, which dates from 1583, and is built in the Italian 

 style. It is cruciform, and 280 feet iu length. Tho iutorior is very 

 handsome and remarkable for its width of roof unsuppjrtisd by pillars. 

 The church of Su-C^etau, a work of the 17th century, and of the 

 Italian style also, is 220 feet iu length, by 120 feet in its greatest 

 width, being iu the form of a cro:ia, and it boa a central dome raised 

 on Corinthian columns. The beautiful fsfade ia of later date than the 

 rest (1767) : it was executed after the designs of Couviller^ a French- 

 man. The interior resembles St-Feter's at Rome in miniature. The 

 burial vaults of the royal family of Bavaria are uudcr this church. 

 Tbe interior contaius Thorwaldseu's magoiiiceut moiiuiiieut to Kug6ue 

 Beauharnais, in which, besidea a colossal figure of the ex-viceroy of 

 Italy, tliere are two beautiful genii, and a female reprcsentin:; the Muaa 

 of History, while a portal of QrecLiu design forms ■■■■ ' ' ' ' mU 

 background to tlie whole composition. Trinity ch . .t 



of the Carmelite nuns, was begun iu 1704, and i.. „ . :i a 



cupola on 18 Corinthian columns. Tho facade is of tho louio order. 



Of the modem churches the Ludwigs-Kircbe, the Pfarr-Kircho, the 

 Basilica of St-Bonifaciua, and the Allerheiligen-Kapelle are pre- 

 eminently deserving of notice. 



The Ludwigs-Kirche, which is in the round-arch style, ia no leas 

 remarkable for the beauty of ita execution than the richness of its 

 design. The front, somewhat more thau 100 feet to ih" ^ni«">'<t of 

 the gable, has two towers 220 feet high, which give t!. vo 



compartments, the centre one, or that corresponding \^ . ve 



within, being au open vestibule, with arches resting upou delicately 

 sculptured columns. Immediately over this porch are five niches 

 with colossal statues of Chriat and the four Evangelists, and crowned 

 with arches decorated with arabesques. Above these ia a large rose 

 window, and then the gable ornamented with foliage and open work, 

 with a cross on its summit, and colossal statues of St Peter and 

 St Paul at its angles, which, as well as those in the niches, were 

 modelled by Schwauthaler. The nave is 24S fcot long by 43 feet wide, 

 and upwards of 80 feet high. The tribunal at the cud of the choir 

 and the extremities of the transept ore decorated with noble freacoes. 

 The subject in the tribimal is the Last Judgment by Cornelius, allowed 

 to be one of tho greatest eSbrta of art in tho present century. This 

 &esoo is 64 feet high. 



The PfarrKirche, or parish church of St-Maria Hilf, in the Au 

 suburb, tho first stone of which waa laid Kov. 28, 1831, is a noble 

 architectural work in the pointed gothic style with high lancet 

 windows. The building, which is quite insulated, has thrae portals 

 in its west front, and above the middle one a large rose window. 

 The tower is upwards of 250 feet high, and tho upper part of it 

 consists of ornamental open work. Within it ia divided into a nave 

 and aisles, the former of which is 80 feet high. Indepeudeutly of ita 

 architecture, this church deserves notice on account of its 19 splendid 

 p.'iintt'd windows, representing incidents in the life of the Blessed 

 Virgin, designed by first-rate artists, and executed in the Royal 

 Porcelain manufactory of Munich. Ohlmiiller was the architect of 

 the building. 



Tbe Basilica of St-Bonifacitu attached to the Benedictine convent, 

 was commenced in 1835, and completed iu 10 years. It is in the 

 Byzantine style, 250 feet long and 120 feet wide. The walla are of 

 red brick. The iutirior is divided within into a nave and double 

 oiales on osoh aide by 72 monolithic columns of Tyrolese marble 

 disposed in four rows. Of the nave, the width is 51 feet and the 

 height 70 feet; of the aisles, the width 15 feet and the height 40 feet 

 Tho pavement ia of marble moaaic, and the roof of open timber work, 

 tbe beams of which are not only carved, but richly decorated witli 

 painting and gilding, and the ceiling between them azure, with gold 

 stars. The walla of the interior are decorated with mngniBcent 

 frescoes, tbe upper series between the rouud-heoded windows repre- 

 senting scenes in the lives of Oermon saints and martyrs, the lower 

 aeries subjects from the history of St-Bonifaoiua, designed and painted 

 by Hess and his pupils. In the rear of this magnificent church (the frout 

 of wbioh, towards the Karb-titraaae, haa a portico of eight Corinthian 

 columns with tliree bronze dnon) is a theological seminary, directly 

 facing the Olyptothek, to which it forms a correapondiug piece of 

 architecture, on tha south side of the Konigs-PUtz. Tbe Allerheiligen- 

 Kopelte is noticed farther on. 



The Alte-Reaideni, or Old Palace, is a vast pile, said to have been 

 erected from tha designs of Vasari, by Maximilian I., at the close of 

 the leth century. The west front is about 560 feet in length, and 

 haa two noble Doric portals, ornamented with bronze statues. Within 

 are four courts, adorned with rich fountams and bronze figures. The 

 moat remarkable part of the Old Pslaos ia the Reiche-Kapelle (Rich 

 Chapel), the floor of which is of jasper, porphyry, and amethyst ; the 

 walls of Italian moaaic, and the altar of solid silver : in short, such is 

 its marvellous got^eouaneas that this single apartment is said to have 

 cost Maximilian I. several millions of florins. In thia chspel U pre- 

 served the portable altar at which Mary Queen of Soots prayed before 

 her execution. In an apartment of the old palace called the Schatss- 

 Ksmmer, or Treasury, the regalia and royal jewels of Bavaria ore kept. 



Vast 08 the Old Palace waa loft by Maximilian, it haa been greatly 



