﻿asv 



MUNSTER. 



MURCIA. 



890 



28 persons. In the bust of the figure are 20 tons of bronze. The 

 ■tatue was cast at the bronze foundry of Stiglmayer in the Nymphen- 

 burg road, about a mile from the city, between 1844 and 1848, by 

 Ferdinand Miller, Stiglmayer's nephew. The statue was unveiled 

 during the people's festival of October 1850, in the presence of the 

 ex'king Ludwig, his two sous, the kings of Bavaria and Greece, the 

 king of Saxony, and a vast concourse of people. 



MUNSTEK, one of the four provinces into which Ireland is divided. 

 It comprehends the southern part of the island, and is bounded N. by 

 the province of Connaught, E. by the province of Leinster, S. and W. 

 by the Atlantic Ocean. It lies between 51° 25' and 58° 12' N. lat., 

 and 6° 66' and 10' 32 W. long. 



The general -character of the surface is mountainous. Along the 

 coast are the excellent harbours of Waterford, Dungarvan, Youghal, 

 Cork, Kiusale, and Tralee, which are generally formed by the sestuaries 

 of rivers. Next to the Shannon the chief rivers are the Suir, the 

 BUckwater, the Lee, and the Bandon, all of which, except th: Suir, 

 in the upper part of its course, have a general direction from west to 

 east. The principal lakes are those of Killamey, which are much 

 resorted to for the picturesque beauties of the surrounding scenery. 

 The bogs are neither so numerous nor so extensive as in most other 

 parts of Ireland. The province is divided into the six counties of 

 Clabb, Cork, Kerbt, Luiebick, Tippebabt, and Waterfobd, to the 

 separate articles on which wo refer for further information. For 

 ecclesiastical purposes Munster is nearly coincident with the archie- 

 piscopal province of Cashel, which by the Act 3 and 4 WiL IV. cap. 37, 

 was united to that of Dublin. It contains the united dioceses of 

 Casbel, Emly, Waterford, and Lismore ; Cork and Ross ; Cloyne, 

 Limerick, Ardfert, and Aghadoe ; with Killaloe and Kilfeuora of the 

 united dioceses of Killaloe, Kilfeuora, Clonfert, and Kilmacduagh. 



The chief Anglo-Xorman families who settled in Munster were the 

 Fitz-Thomases, earls of Desmond ; the Butlers, earls of Ormond ; the 

 Qeraldines, Barrys, Roches, and Cogans. South Munster was divided 

 into counties in the reign of Henry VIII. Thomond (Clare County) 

 was made shire-ground with Connaught in the 11th year of Elizabeth's 

 reign. It was added to Munster in 1601, but continued till 1792 in 

 the Connaught circuit. During the rebellions of the time of Eliza- 

 beth, Munster was governed by a President under the Lord Deputy of 

 Ireland. 



The population of the counties and cities in Munster province at 

 the four decennial periods of 1821, 1831, 1841, and 1851, with the 

 area of each, will be found in the article Irslamd. 

 MUNSTER, NEW. [Zkalakd, New.] 



MCNSTER, the most north-western of the three governments into 

 which the Prussian province of Westphalia ia dividwl, is bounded N. 

 by Hanover, E. by Minden, S. by Arensberg and the Rbein-provinz, 

 and W. by the Netherlands. Its area is 2797 square miles, and the 

 population in 1846 was 421,044, about 9-lOths of whom are Catholics. 

 The government presents a surface diversified by mountains, hills, 

 and plains ; the northern part is drained by the Ems, and the southern 

 districts by the Lippe, a feeder of the Rhine. The Teutoburgerwald 

 range runs north-west across the territory of Miinster, forming part 

 of the watershed between the Ems and the Weser. The country is 

 not very productive in com ; flax and hemp are the chief products. 

 Linen ia the staple manufacture. Swine are very numerous. This 

 gOTemment comprises a large portion of the former prince-bishopric 

 of Miinster, of which Hanover and Oldeuburg got the rest. A rail- 

 way runs south from the city of Miinster, and joins the Cologne- 

 Minden line at Hamm. 



MUmter, the capital of Westphalia, and of the government of 

 Miinster, situated on the river Ahe, in 51° 58' N. lat., 7° 36' E. long., 

 in a flat country, about 200 feet above the level of the sea, is a 

 tolerably well built commercial and manufacturing town, with about 

 31,000 inhabitants. The streets are broad; the houses lofty, but 

 neither uniformly nor regularly built. The fortifications were dis- 

 mantled in 1765 but the ramparts remain, which are planted with 

 lime-trees and form a fine promenade round the town. Uf the public 

 buildings the most worthy of nutice are — the cathedral, which con- 

 taiiia the tomb of Bishop Qalen who recovered the city from the 

 Anabaptists; the church of St.-Lambert, built in the finest gothic 

 style ; the palace of the bishop, which occupies the site of the old 

 dtad^l ; the senate-house ; and the mansions of several of the nobility. 

 John of Leyden with a few adherents threw himself, in 1536, into 

 Miinster, which he resolutely defeuded agaiuat the bishop. The town 

 however wan taken by storm and John and two of his followers were 

 put to a violent death, and their remains wers exposed on the tower 

 of St.-LamberVs church in iron baskets which still hang there. The 

 town has a CathoUc ecclesiastical college, which has faculties of theo- 

 logy and philosophy ; a Catholic gymnasium with 21 professors and 

 625 pupils (in 1850), and a library of about 30,000 volumes; surgical 

 and veterinary schools, a botanical garden, a school for deaf-mutes; 

 and manufactures of woollen-cloths, leather, starch, Ac. The city is 

 the seat of all the great offices of tbe province of Westphalia. The 

 trade in lioei>s, woollens, yam, Khcuish wine, bams, &c., is very con- 

 •iderable. Miinster is celebrated on account of tbe peace concluded 

 in it October 24, 1648, which put an end to the Thirty Years War. 

 It was founded at the end of the 6th century and called Meilaud and 

 about a century after Miningcrode. Ia 972 it waa taken by Charle- 



magne, in whose time the bishopric was founded and a monastery 

 built, whence the name of Munster is derived. A navigable canal 

 connects Miinster with the Ems ; and a railroad 21 miles in length 

 unites it to the Hamm station ou the Koln-Mindeu line. 



Bocholt, on the Aa, about 45 miles W. from Miinster, has a castle, 

 belonging to the princes of Salm-Salm, manufactures of woollens, 

 cotton, silk, hosiery, spirits, soap, and a population of 4300. There 

 are extensive iron-works in the vicinity of the town. At Anholt, a 

 small town near Bocholt, is the principal residence of the prince of 

 Salm-Salm. [Anholt.] Barken, S.W. of Miinster, on the Aa, has 3000 

 inhabitants, who manufacture linen, broadcloth, serge, and chicory. 

 Kuafdd, 20 miles W. from Miinster, ou the Berkel, is surrounded by old 

 fortifications, aud defended by a castle ; the manufactures are linen 

 and woollen cloth. It has a population of 3500, and a Catholic gym- 

 nasium with 12 teachers and 150 scholars (in 1850). Ko^feld is the 

 residence of the Horstmar branch of the house of Salm. Heckling- 

 kaiuen, formerly the capital of a circle, U situated on the Lippe, 

 about 30 miles S.W. from Miinster, on the slope of the Hard Moun- 

 tain, and has an old ducal residence, two churches, an asylum for 

 females of noble birth, some linen manufactures, steel-works, aud 

 about 3000 inhabitants. There is a Catholic gymnasium in the towu, 

 which had 10 teachers and 130 students iu 1850. Reckliughauseu 

 was formerly the capital of a small sovereign county, 301 square 

 miles in extent, which belonged to the Duke of Aremberg ; the duke 

 ia still the proprietor but the sovereignty vesta in the king of 

 Prussia. Stein/art, N.W. of Miinster, a residence of the princes of 

 Bentheim, has a population of 2700, who manufacture liueu and 

 leather. Warendorf, E. of Miinster, ou the Ems, has a gymnasium, a 

 mad-house, several bleach-works, an important linon mai-ket, and 4200 

 inhabitants, who manufacture linen aud broadcloth. 

 MUONIO-ELF. [Bothnia.] 



MUR. [CdTE8-DD-N0RD.] 



MUR-DE-BARREZ. [Avetron.] 



MURAT. [Cantal.] 



MURCIA, an ancient province of Spain, formerly a kingdom, is 

 bounded S. by the Meditei-ranean Sea and the province of Uranada, 

 N. and N.W. by Castilla In Nueva, E. and N.E. by the Mediterranean 

 Sea and the province of Valencia, W. by- the province of Jaen, and 

 S.W. by the province of Qranada. It is situated between 37° 23' and 

 39° 16' N. lat., 40' and 3° 8' W. long. The greatest length from north 

 to south is about 130 miles, the greatest width from east to west is 

 about 110 miles. The area is 7877 square miles. The population iu 

 1849 was 695,531. It is divided into the two following modern 

 provinces : — 



Provincw. 



Area in Square Miles. Population in 1849. 



MuicU 



Albaceto . . . . j 



7,877 



400,000 

 185,S31 



ToUl . 



7,877 



695,531 



Surface. — The form of Murcia is very irregular, and the boundaries 

 are fur the most part conventional Only at the extreme western 

 angle the Rio Quadarmena forms a natural line of separation between 

 Murcia and the provinces of La Mancha and Jaen. The modern 

 province of Albacete comprises the interior or north-western part of 

 the old province; the modem province of Murcia comprises the south- 

 eastern portion, or that next the coast, the line of division between 

 the two being formed by the summit level of the Sierra de Sagra 

 extended along the line of the sierras of Jumella, Yecla, and Villena. 



The coast from the boundary of Qrauada as far as Cartagena 

 presents a series of steep and elevated cliffs ; eastward from that port 

 to the Cabo de Palos the coast is low and sandy, the cape itself being 

 the termination of a ridge of hills from the interior ; northward of 

 the Cabo de Palos is a shallow land-locked sea-lagune called the 

 Encanlzada de Murcia. The Sierra de Sagra, iuterrupted by tbe 

 valley of the Rio Mundo, may be said to extend under dill'ereut names 

 from south-west to north-east through the centre of the province, 

 forming a natural line of division between the two modern provinces. 

 The Sierra de Alcaraz crosses the western corner of the province, 

 extends through a part of La Mancha, and again enters Murcia near 

 Chinchilla, filling up the north-western angle. The Sierra de Segura 

 crosses the province between the Sierra de Alcaraz and the Sierra de 

 Sagra; all these mountain ridges being in fact offsets from the 

 eastern end of the great chain of the Sierra Morena. Another series 

 of mountains exteuds from the province of Granada, south of the 

 town of Lorca, to Cartagena, and this series includes the great 

 mining district of Murcia. Other mountain groups cross the province 

 in various directions, separated from each other by extensive valleys 

 and a lew level tracts. The only plain of consideralile extent lies 

 between Cartagena and Orihuela, and this plain is divided into two 

 portions by a chain of sandstone bills on the southern sile of the 

 Sangonero. The Sierra de Segura is a mass of gray aud white lime- 

 stone, and most of the other mountain ranges belong to the same 

 formation. Trachyte and other volcanic rocks occur at Almazarrou ; 

 and here and in the mountains south of Lorca the mining operations 

 are chiefly carried on. Porphyry, greenstone, primary slates, fine 



