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NAPLES. 



NAPLES. 



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pared with marbl* ujd iluded with traca, tnaa which thm ia a 

 deliKhtful view of the bay. Fadng the palnoe ia a Mniioireular 

 eolonoade, with a pxiitheon-ahaped ohurch in the oentre, niaed by the 

 kt« king Ferdiiiaiiil I. 



A<yoiiiiog the |>alace, and between it and the aea, are the araenal, 

 th« oannon-foundry, and baain or wet.^ock for the kins'! bai^gaa or 

 yaohta. From the 8oath.eaatem part of the dockyard a broad maadre 

 mole, begun in 1886, runa in a ■onth.eaBt direction 1200 feet, and ia to 

 terminate in an arm bending to the north.eAat, in order to shelter the 

 new naral harbour, whidi extenda between tliis mole and the luole of 

 the Porto Qiande, and haa a depth of about fivo fathoma Uu the 

 caatem aide the palaoe adjoins the theatre of Son Cario, which ia one 

 of the remarkable atructurea of Naplee. It waa rebuilt after the firs 

 of 181S, and ia one of the laigeit theatres in Europe; it has aix tiers 

 of bozao, each box capable of containing from ten to twelve persona 

 Farther on, the old palace adjoins the Castel Nuoto, a maasivo and 

 extsnaive oastle, with towers and a ditch around, begun in the 13th 

 oentmy by Charles of Anjou, and ■ucceasively increased. Fronting 

 the eaatle ia the finest aquare in Naples, called Largo del Castello. 

 East of Caatal Nuoro is the mole, or Holo Grande, which slialters the 

 eommarcial harbour. It is fortified, and hns two lighthouses ; the 

 depth in the harbour doea not exceed four fathoms. The mole affords 

 • promenade which ia much frequented by the citizens. The Porto 

 Pieoolo, or small harbour, to the north of the preceding, is little more 

 than a wet dock ; but it is very interesting aa being nil that remains 

 of the ancient harbour, which existed bora probably before the Greek 

 coloniMtUon of Ncapolia, This port evidently extended some way into 

 the city. It is separated from the Porto Qrande by a small mole. 



2. The palaoe, museum, and library, called 'Degli Studj,' are iu the 

 northern part of the town, at the foot of the hill of Capodimonte. 

 The moseum, styled 'Museo Borbonioo,' is one of the richest in 

 Europe. Among the numerous maaterpieoea of ancient sculpture 

 which it contains, are the Heraules Fameae, the Venus Callipyge, the 

 Apollo Citharoedus, the Bacchus, and the statue of an orator called 

 Ariatides. The museum ia also rich in ancient bronzes. The coUec- 

 tion of ancient instruments, utensils, female ornaments, and other 

 honaehold articles found at Heroulaueum and Pompeii, is unique. It 

 contains also a vast number of articles of glass, mostly Egyptian. 

 The collection of Campaniau, Qrcek, and Sicilian vases, as well as the 

 anmiamatic cabinet, is also vciy rich. That of ancient paintings is 

 Terr remailable. There are also some fine ancient mosaics. The 

 taUisa found at Heraclea, in Uagna Onecia, are valuable aa specimens 

 of Qreek palssography. 



The OalleiT of Modem Paintings contains many good works of the 

 Neapolitan, Flemish, Venetian, and Bolognese schools. The royal 

 library, in the Museo Borbonico, contains 200,000 printed volumes. 

 and about 3000 manuscripts. Among the latter is the book called the 

 Office of the Blesaed Virgin, iUustmt«<l by Giulio C'lovio, and the gem of 

 illuminated worka. Besides this library, wluch is open to the public, 

 there are the Brancacciana library of 70,000 books and 7000 monu- 

 acripts attached to the chureh of St.-Angelo h Nilo, the library of 

 Ban Filippo Neri in the magnificent monastery of the Oratorians with 

 18,000 volumes and 60 manuscripts, and the university library of 

 26,000 volumes. 



8. The churches of Naples amount to 257. The cathedral, begun 

 by Masuecio, a Neapolitan architect and sculptor of the 18th century, 

 bJM been since repeatedly altered. The interior is rich in ancient 

 colnmna of valuable marbles ; it alao contains a splendid mausoleum 

 of Charles I. of Anjoo, the conqueror of Naples. The adjoining 

 chapel of Son Oennaro is rich in paintings : the ceremony of the lique- 

 iaetion of the blood of St. Jaouariua is performed there annually. 

 TbiB front of the church of Ssn Paolo, built on the site of a temple of 

 Castor and Pollux, contains some fluted columns of marble, the remains 

 of the ancient structure. 

 _ The chureh of San Lorenzo, founded by Charles of Anjou, on the 

 site of the town-house, where the municipal council of the city 

 fotmerly used to assemble, contains several royal tomba and some 

 good paintinga. The church of San Filippo Neri is built in better 

 taste than most of the churehes of Naples ; it is rich in paintings. 

 The ohoroh, sacristy, and convent of San bomenico constitute a real 

 ' onaeam of the middle age*, on account of the numerous monuments 

 •J '^"••> ".*«»ry men, and other dutingoiahed personages of the times 

 of the Anjous and Aragonase; and for the cell, lecture-room, and 

 dioir of llidknas Aquinas, who resided, wrote, and taught in this 

 ooDveot. The intenor of Santa Chiara is elegant and rich ; it con- 

 taina tha monumanU of Robert of Anjou; of his son, the duka of 

 £V"™» "^ "* Joanna L The neighbouriiu; chureh of Gesii 

 Vnovo, or TriniU Magxiore, the fafade of which haa been compared 

 to that of a prison, has in the inUrior the appearanoe of a splendid 

 baU-roooL It belongs to the Jesuits. In one of the chapels is 

 Ouerdno's osl«brat«<l picture of the Trinity. The church of Monte 

 OUveto is liob in sculptures by Giovanni di NoU, Donatello, Benedetto 

 da llfimt, and other oeiebratcd artista The vaat adjoining convent, 

 wUoh ooee aflbnled an asylum to Tasso, has bMn suppressed, and is 

 now ooeapied by savaral offiosa of the manidpal administntion. Son 

 aiaoomo da SpognoU ooutaios thamagniaemt tomb of Don Pedro de 

 Toledo^ one of ths bcrt Spanish viceroys of Naples. The small 

 nag U a t ad ohurch of Son Oiovonni h Corbonora ia remarkable for the 



monnments of King Ladislaus and his sister Joanna II., and in the 

 chapel behind the altar, that of her favourite, Ser Gianni Caraeciolo, 

 who was murdered at last through a court intrigue. The church Del 

 Carmine, with its lofty steeple, is chiefly noticed for its neighbour- 

 hood to the great market, the scene of Masanicllo's insurrection, and 

 also of the deaperate defence of the poptilace against the French in 

 1799 ; and likewise for the modest tomb of the unfortunate Corradino 

 and his cousin Frederick of Austria, who were beheaded near this spot 

 by order of Charles of Anjou. The church of L'Annimziata, by the 

 architect Vanvitelli, is one of the best chnrohes of Naples: odjuiiiing 

 to it is a foundling hospital and a Magdalen. The church of Snn 

 Martino, near the castle of Sant' Elmo, from which there is a most 

 magnificent view of Naples and the bay, ia richly painted by Lonfranco, 

 Spagnoletto, and D'Arpino. The chureh of Santa Maria del Parto, 

 founded by Sannazoro, in a delightful spot, near the shore of Mergel- 

 lina, haa a fine mausoleum of the poet San Oennaro dei Poveri is 

 remarkable for its vast catacombs, which extend under the hill of 

 Capodimonto. 



4. The royal palace of Capodimonte is a heavy structure, but is 

 remarkable for its fine situation, the excellent road leading to it, 

 constructed by the French, its extensive park and hunting groundii, 

 and the adjoining observatory along the southern part of the road, 

 forming the new streetaof Capodimonte, which may be considered a 

 contiuuntion of the fine Strada di Toledo. On the slope of the hill 

 in the Chinese college, for the education of young Chinese, who, 

 after Liking holy orders, return to their country aa missionaries. On 

 the bill of Miradois to the south of the hill of Capodimonte is- the 

 observatory and the botanical garden. Not far from thence, in a 

 secluded valley at the foot of the hill, are the remains of an aqueduct 

 constructed by Augustufi, which is called Ponti Rossi, ' red bridges or 

 arches,' from the colour of the brick. 



Naples has many charitable institutions, such as the great hospital 

 Degli Incurabill, the foundling hospital alreaily mentioned, the school 

 of the deaf aud dumb, the asylum for the blind ; the Reclusorio, or 

 general workhouse for able-bodied poor, near the botanic garden, 

 with a school annexed to it, and which contains about 3000 poor ; 

 San Oennaro dei Poveri, for the poor who are unable to work, San 

 Francesco di Sales, and several other minor hospitals and houses of 

 refuge. Mendicity is forbidden by law ; but the law is often evaded. 

 There are no poor-rates at Naples. 



The university is well provided with professors. It has a good 

 library and a cabinet of natural history annexed to it This institu- 

 tion is noticed in a preceding article on the kingdom of Naples. 

 Among the special schools are a medical college, a veterinary college, 

 two military schools, a college of pilots, and the ' Couscrvatorio," or 

 school of music, which has produced many illustrious composers. 

 Besides San Carlo, Naples has half a dozen minor theatres, II Fondo, 

 I Fiorentini, Tcatro Nuovo, La Fenice, Snu Carlino, kc In the \niit 

 two, plays are performed in the Neapolitan dialect, which is full of 

 humour and naive expression, a mixture of Italian and Sjianiah, but 

 different from both. 



The chief manufactures of Naples are silks, embroideries, broad- 

 cloth, flannel, carpets, chemicals, and maccaroni ; soaps, perfumcx, 

 gloveji, artificial (lowers, corals, chini, hats, carriages, kc There are 

 royal type-foundries, iron onil gla"s works. The chief exports are 

 agricultural products, oil, raw silk, liquorice, corn, brandy, kc ; 

 tlio imports are manufactured goods, colonial prodticc, fifh, iron ainl 

 tin ware, hardware, ko. French, Sardinian, Neapolitan, Tuscan, and 

 Austrian companies' steamers ply between Naples, Leghorn, Marseille, 

 Sicily, and various towns in the Mediterranean. Small passenger 

 steamera ply between the city and towns along the coast daily. The 

 tunny and anchovy fisheries are actively plied. Ship-building is 

 carried on. 



The town is divided into twelve ' quartieri,' or districts, of which 

 five and the most populous are in the old or eastern part of the town, 

 namely, Mercato, Pendiuo, Porto, San I^renzo, and Vicaria ; one in 

 the middle, San Ferdinando, in the neighbourhood of the royal 

 palace ; two at the west end, Chiaja and San Oiuseppe ; one, San 

 Carlo air Arena, at the north end towards the road to Rome ; and 

 three, Stella, Avvoeata, and Monte Calvario include the upper part 

 of the town, which is built on the hills of Capodimonte and San 

 Elmo. Every district has a commissary of police, whose office is 

 open at all houn of the day. There are 66 military posts in the 

 whole town, 4 castles — San Elmo, Castel Nuovo, Castel dell' Ovo, 

 and Caatello del Carmine, besides extensive barracks both for infantry 

 and cavalry. The town has six prisons, one of which is for debtors. The 

 vast and massive structure called 'La Vicaria,' at the east end of Naplei 

 near the Porta Capuano, which was once a castle and the residence 

 of the Norman kings, now contains various courts of justice <hence 

 it is named I Tribunali), and also the archives of the kingdom, an 

 immense collection of documents, divided into four sections, historical, 

 financial, judicial, and communal The acts, edicts, kc. of the 

 sovereigns of the Anjou dynasty alone fill 300 thick folio volumes. 

 The ' Constitutiones ' of Frederick II., the oldest code of the kingdom, 

 written by his chancellor Piatro dclle Vigne, are also there. 



The Lazzaroni, so often mentioned by travellers, and so confusedly 

 described, included the lowest ordera of the inhabitants or populace, 

 the porters, tho hawkeia of fish, vegetables, aud other eatables, the 



