﻿913 



NAPLES. 



NARBONNE. 



814 



boatmen, journeymen out of place, and nuraerouB Tagiants, and other 

 low and loose characters. Many of these classes in former times had 

 no regular domicile, and lived chiefly in the open air, or were huddled 

 together at night under some porch or vestibule, in narrow alleys, in 

 tlioir boats, and wherever they could find shelter. To these were 

 added indiscriminately the numerous class uf fishermen, an industrious 

 race, whose habits have always been more domestic and orderly than 

 those of the common lazzaroni. All these people were vaguely 

 reckoned, with probably some exaggeration, at 40,000 individualo, a 

 muscular, brawny, and erect set of men, but totally uneducated and 

 little civilised, very abstemious and frugal in their habits, mostly 

 barefooted, living from day to day on their casual earnings, their 

 dress consisting merely of a shirt and a pair of loose trowsers ; very 

 good-tempered in quiet times, but apt to nm riot on the first political 

 excitement or tumult. As a peculiar class, the lazzaroni may be said 

 to be now extinct : the lower orders live like those of other cities ; 

 they are all duly registered in their respective parishes, they have all 

 a domicile of some sort, and police regulations have produced a 

 material alteration in their habits, though the every-day clothing of 

 many of them continues to be the same as before. 



The nobility at Naples are very numerous, but, excepting their 

 titles, they enjoy no privilege or influence above the rest of their 

 countrymen. The palaces of the nobiUty are spacious and massive. 

 The most remarkable ai'e the ]ialazzo Oravina, or Orsini, the palace 

 Maddaloui, that of Sansevero, remarkable for its chapel, adorned with 

 some good statues, that of Dells Rocca, those of Francavilla, Stig- 

 liano, Berio, Ac The building which bos been raised between the 

 streets Toledo and S. Giacomo, for the offices of the financial depart- 

 ment and for the bank of the Two Sicilie*, is one of the finest 

 structures in Naples. 



Naples is not so well supplied with water as Rome, and has not 

 such handsome fountains ; those of Fontana Medina and Monte Oliveto 

 arc the best. Several aqueducts from the neighbouring mountains 

 supply the water, besides which most houaei have cisterns. There is 

 a sulphureous spring of water on the shore of Santa Lucia, which is 

 much drunk by the inhabitants in the spring. Another spring, ealle<I 

 Acqua del Leone, in the suburb of Mergellina, is the purest fresh- 

 water. Of mineral waters there is an abundant supply. 



The neighbourhood of Naples abounds in delightful walks. The 

 public gardens, or Villa Reale, extending along the shore of the Chiaja 

 for nearly a tuile, enjoy the advantages of Uie sea-breeze, ami of a 

 view unrivalled in the world. The new road over the hill of Posilipo 

 is a beautiful drive. The hills of Capodimonte and ScutUlo, and the 

 suburbs of lufrascata and Arenello, at the back of Sant' Elmo, abound 

 with pleasant walks and a variety of scenery. These, as well as the 

 other neighbouring hills of Voiuero, Poailipo, kc, are covered with 

 country-houses and gardens of all sizes. 



Nnples is an archbishop's see, and is divided into 60 parishes, 

 including the neighbouring villages. 



The town is abundantly supplied with provisions of every kind ; 

 fish and shell-fish are plentiful, as well as vegetables and fruits. Snow, 

 of which a great quantity is used, especially in summer, for cooling 

 the drink and for ices, is brought from the mountain of Castellamare, 

 where it is kept in laiige reservoirs. The city is lighted with gas 

 since 1840. Omnibuses ply to all porta of the town, and steam-boats 

 to all the towns on the bay. 



The great street of Toledo is thronged with people and carriages at 

 all times of the day, and until very late at uii;ht, or rather until two 

 or three o'clock in the morning, when fashionable people retire to rest. 

 It is decide<lly the noisiest street in Europe, as the people are in the 

 habit of voci^rating at the top of their voices ; and others must do 

 the same in order to be heard. The motley groups which are seen 

 mixing pell-mell in the street, the crowded balconies above, the numer- 

 ous venders of provisions, the acquaiuoli, or sellers of ice-water, at the 

 comers of the bye-streets, the life out of doors, which is a general 

 habit in this country, all render the streets of Naples, and especially 

 that of the Toledo, moat curious to a foreigner. 



Naples, or Neapolis, that is, ' New City,' was a Greek colony from 

 Cunuo ; the date of its origin is not known. The story of its first 

 foundation, under the name of Parthenope, is a mythic traditiofi. 

 Uvy (b. viii. 22) says that there were once two towns near each other, 

 Paltea^lis and Neapolis, the inhabitants of both being from Cumai, 

 but Palojapolis had, long before Livy's time, merged into the new 

 town, or Neapolis. Some modem writers think that the original 

 foundation on the site was made by the Phoenicians, and that their 

 town was dlstingidshed by the Greeks from their own new city 

 (Neapolis) by the designation Pala»polis, or old city. 



Neapolis, after its first foundation by the Cumnians, received colo- 

 nists from Chalcis, Pithecusa, and Athens ; and subsequently admitted 

 some Campanians also among the body of citizens. (Btrabo, p. 246. 

 Casaub.) It became allied to the Snmnitcs, but after) their subju- 

 gation by Romo it maintained its independence as a republic, and 

 daring the second Panic war sent ambassadors to Rome to propose 

 an aluance against Hannibal, and with it a rich present in golden 

 Tases, which the people took from their temples to defray the expenses 

 of the war. (Livy, xxii. 32.) It continued afterwards an ally to 

 Rome and became a municipium. After the fall of the empire 

 Neapolis was taken by the Ooths, retaken by Belisarius, and lastly 



asoo. DiT. VOL. ni. 



destroyed by Totila in 543. It was afterwards rebuilt and annexed 

 to the Longobai-d duchy of Beneventum, but after the decline of the 

 Longobard power, when the Byzantine emperors .isserted a kind of 

 svipremacy over southern Italy, Naples haditsdukoB, who were chosen 

 by the inhabitants. In the 9th century the dukes of Beneventum 

 obliged it to pay tribute. When the duchy of Beneventum was split 

 into three principalities, Beneveuto, Capua, and Salerno, Landulf, 

 count of Capua, in order to maintain its independence of the other 

 two, called in the Saracens, who devastated tho shores of Campania. 

 The Norman adventurers lent their a'isistanco to tlie prince of Salerno 

 against these piratical hordes, and afterwards by degrees established 

 their own power in Apulia and Sicily. Naples was one of the last 

 towns which submitted to the Normans ; it acknowledged king 

 Roger I., of Sicily, as its sovereign, about 1137. Tho Norman dynasty 

 becoming extinct at the death of the emperor Henry VI., Naples then 

 became subject to the house of Suabia from 1198 to 1268, when that 

 Une ceased at the death of the ill-fated Conr.iiiin. Next came the 

 Anjevine dynasty, founded by Charles of Aiijou, who removed tho 

 seat of government from Palermo to Naples, which continued under 

 the house of Anjou till 1442, when Alfonso of Aragon took the city 

 from king Rend, the last of the Anjevine kings. Under the Aragonese 

 and Spanish kings the country was ruled by viceroys till 1 "00, wheu 

 it became subject to German princes of the house of Austria. Don 

 Carlos, son of Philip IV. of Spain, made himself master of the city and 

 the kingdom, and founded the dynasty that still occupies the throne. 



(Celono, Notizic dtlla Ciltd, di Napuli ; Romanelli, Napoli Antica 

 e itodcrna ; Qiraffi, Le Rivoliaioni di Napoli, Svo., 1647 ; Cbiocoarelli, 

 AntittUum Neapolitana Eccletia Catalogtu at Apoitolorum Tcmporibua 

 ad Annum 1643, fol. ; Stefano, Detcrizione dei Laoghi Sacri di Napoli, 

 4to., 1560; Caracciolo, iVa^io^i Sacra, ito., 1623; Blewitt, i/unciiooi 

 of South Italy.) 



Coin of Naples. 

 British MnKum. Actual size. Silver. 



NA'POLI DI MALVASIA (ifonembatia) is a town built on the 

 small island of Monembasia, on the east coast of Laconia, and connected 

 with the mainland by a bridge. About four miles north of the bridge 

 are tho ruins of Epidaurus Limdra. As Epidaunis fell into decay the 

 town on the island grew into importance, and it then probably assumed 

 the name of Neapolis. It was a place of some consequence under the 

 Byzantine emperors, and Andronicus Commeuus in the 12th century 

 founded hero a monastery, which still exists. The town, which is a 

 poor place with narrow steep streets, and about 400 houses, including 

 those on the summit of the hill near the castle, gives title to a Greek 

 archbishop. The country in the neighbouring district formerly 

 produced a luscious wine, to which the English gave the name of 

 Malmsey. , 



NA'POLI DI ROMANI'A {NaUplia, Anapli), a town of thoMoi-ea, 

 built on a rocky promontory at the north-east extremity of the Argolio 

 Gulf. Tho harbour between this promontory and the north coast is 

 large and tolerably safe, but too shallow to admit large ships. The 

 town stands on the north-east slope of the hill facing the mainland, 

 and is fortified : the hill has a tabular summit, which is unoccupied 

 with houses, and from which abrupt cliils descend to the open sea at 

 the back of tho promontory. A steep and rocky mountain rises above 

 it to the southeast, called Palamedi ; on this cliff is a strong castle. 

 Nauplia was once the port and arsenal of Argos, but in the time of 

 Pausanias it was deserted. It was occupied by the Venetians in the 

 13th century, and became their chief settlement in the Morea, until it 

 was taken from them by Sultan Solyman in 1537. After the Greek 

 insurrection it remained for several years the head town of Greece, 

 until it was superseded by Athens. Its population, which had risen to 

 about 12,000, has recently declined. 'The streets are irregular and 

 dirty, but some improvements hitve been recently made : tho air is 

 not wholesome. The Greek bishop is styled Bishop of Argos and 

 Anapli. An aqueduct of good water from the rocky ridge near Tiryua 

 supplies the town. 



NARBERTH, Pembrokeshire, South Walo, a market-town, parlia- 

 mentary borough, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union in tlio parish of 

 Narbertb, is situated on elevated ground near tho left bank of the 

 East Cleddau River, in 51° 47' N. lat., 4° 44' W. Ion?., distant 13 miles 

 N.N.E. from Pembroke, and 240 miles W. by N. from London. The 

 population of the borough in 1851 was 1392. Tho living is a rectory 

 in the archdeaconry and diocese of St David's. Narberth Poor-Law 

 Union comprises 51 parishes and townships, with an area of 55,996 

 acres, and a population in 1851 of 22,120. The town is the centre of 

 a considerable agricultural district. A new market-house has been 

 erected, and other improvements have been made. The market-day 

 U Thursday : eight fairs are held in the year. 



NARBONNE, a city in the French department of Aude, stands 



8 N 



