﻿921 



NAVARRE. 



NEATH. 



m 



Sueen of Pedro the Cruel. The houses are solidly built and lofty ; 

 le streets are narrow, but well cleansed. The town contains several 

 churches, some conventual buildings now converted to secular uses, 

 a workhouse, a prison, and three or four hospitals. There are manu- 

 factures of woollen-cloth, soap, bricks, and earthenware. The papu- 

 lation in 1845 was 6790. Viana, 50 miles S.\V. from Pamplona, is an 

 ancient city in a rich com country, with the Ebro Sowing at a short 

 distance on the south. It is a pleasant town, with a good plaza, and 

 a fine church dedicated to La Santa Maria. The population in 1S45 

 was 3146. 



Sittory. — The earliest inhabitants of Navarra were called Vasconcs 

 by the Romans. In 470 they were subdued by the Goths. Early in 

 the 8th century Navarra was conquered by the Arabs; but the 

 Christian inhabitants, who had fled to the recesses of the Pyrenees, 

 resolving to expel the inviulers, chose a noble knight, Oarci Ximenez, 

 for their chief or king; and thus was founded the monarchy of 

 Navarra. His family became extinct in the middle of the Uth century, 

 and the Navarrese then elected lAigo Sanchez, count of Bigorre, in 

 the hands of whoso descendants the sceptre of Navarra remained for 

 five centuriea In 1512 Fernando the Catholic obtained possession of 

 that part of the ancient kingdom of Navarra which forma the present 

 province, and annexed it to the Spanish dominions, leaving uncon- 

 quered a portion on the northern side of the Pyrenees, which was 

 afterwards united by Henri IV. to the crown of France, and is now 

 known as the department of Basses Pyrenees ; but this, as will be seen 

 from our description, does not include the valley of the Bidasaoa. 



(Hiilano, Die. Geoy. ; Antillon, Qtografia de EtpaHa y Portugal, 1824 ; 

 Bowles, Jntroduccion a tHittoria Natwral de EtpaHa ; Cook, Skelcha 

 in Spain ; Hadoz, JHccionario Otograjico de Etpana ; Ford, flandbook 

 of Spain; Mariana, Uittoria Oeneral de BipaAa; Conde, Arabct, Ac.) 



NAVARRE, BAS.se. [PyRKsftis, Bamis.] 



NAVENBY. [Li.vcoLNSiiiRt] 



NAVIA. [AsTcniAS.] 



NAVIGATOR ISLANDS, a group of islands situated in the Pacific, 

 between 10" and 15° S. lat, 169° and 173° E. long., consists of nine 

 islands, of which the largest, called Pola, or Savan, is the most 

 western. It is about 50 miles long and 30 miles wide, and the moun- 

 tains rise to the height of 1000 feet Eastward of Fola is Ojalava, 

 which is hardly inferior in size. Maouua, also east of Pola, is much 

 smaller, and the other six are smaller stilL They are all volcanic ; 

 the rocks of the beach, upon which the sea breaks with so such force 

 as to throw the water more than 60 feet high, are only pieces of lava, 

 roundud basalts, or coral, by which the islands are wholly surrounded. 

 In the coral-reefs are narrow passages for boats. Along the bench are 

 level tracts, but at some distance the country rises into liillt and 

 mountains. The islands are clothed even to the very summits of the 

 hills with trees 1oadc<l with fruit. They abound in pigs, dogs, fowls, 

 birds, and fish ; and the lower parts are covered with extensive planta- 

 tions of giiavas, bananas, and other fruits. The sugar-cano grows 

 spontaneously on the banks of the rivers. The inhabitants are 

 nnmerous; they belong to the Malay race, and speak a language 

 which is a dialect of that used in the Friendly I.-iland-t. 



NAVY BAY, a natural harbour lying between the Atlantic coast 

 of New Granada and the islaml of Manzauilla. The island, which is 

 a mile and a quarter long, a mile broad, and covered with luxuriant 

 trees and shrubs, is separated from the mainland at its southern extre- 

 mity by a channel of about 60 feet wide aud about 1 feet in depth. 

 A projecting reef stretching out from the mainland at the north- 

 eastern extremity of the bay forms a natural breakwater. The liar- 

 bour thus formed is accessible at all seasons : it is secune in every 

 wind, with a depth of 6 to 7 fathoms in the middle anil 3 to 4 fathoms 

 within 60 feet of the shore, and cajiable of containing 300 saiL Navy 

 Bay is the Atlantic terminus of the Panama railway, which from hence 

 to Gatun (7 miles) is carried over a swamp supported on piles. A 

 li^tiiinue has been erected at the western point of tlio island. 



AifinwaU city, founded in 1851, is sittmted on tho island, the 

 terminns of the railway, and is now the dcp6t of the eastern side of 

 the isthmus, instead of Chagres, from which it is distant 7 miles, and 

 which has been since nearly altogether abandoned. 



NAXOS, NAXIA, one of the Urger Cyclades, lies between 36° 45' 

 and-»7° 15' N. lat., 25° 20' and 25° 35' E. long., to the east of Pares, 

 from which it is separated by a channel 6 miles wide. It is situated 

 in the middle of the archipelago, about half way between the coasts of 

 Oreece and Asia Minor. It was anciently called Strongyle (Round) on 

 account of its shape ; and also Dia, in honour of Jupiter ; and Diony- 

 ■iaa, from the worship of Dionysus, who, according to the mythi, was 

 brought up on this isUnd. Its first inhabitants were said to have been 

 Thradaoa. According to Herodotus, the Greek inhabitants of Naxos 

 were loniapa from Athens (viii. 46). The island was taken by the 

 Atheniaoa in the time of Piaiitratus. It was captured and ravaged 

 by the Persiaiu under Datis and Artaphemes (b.o. 490). After the 

 defeat of Xerxes at Salamis (b.c. 480) the Naxians recovered their 

 independence. After the battle of Mycale it became one of the con- 

 federate states, at the head of which was Athena ; and it was the first 

 of those states that fell under political subjection to Athens. 



In modem times Naxos, after the conquest of Constantinople by 

 the I^atins, became tho seat of a dukedom foimded by the Venetians, 

 which embraced most of the other Cycladea. It was token posaesslou 



of by the Turks in the 1 6th century, and it no w forms part of the 

 new kingdom of Oreece. 



Naxos is the most fertile of the Cyclades, and its wine is much 

 esteemed. It produces com, oil, cotton, silk, most kiuds of fruits, 

 and abounds with game. • The plains and valleys are well supplied 

 with springs, and all travellers describe Naxos as a very pleasant 

 country, 'fhe chief town, called Naxia, is on tho western coast of the 

 island, and near it is the harbour, called Porto Saline, on account of 

 the sea-salt which is collected there. The castle of Naxia, on the hill 

 above the town, was built by the Venetians, and was the residence of 

 the dukes. According to Thevenot, the plant (Ciduti) which produces 

 ladanum grows here, and in his time the substance was collected 

 from the beards of the goats which fed on the plant, in the manner 

 mentioned by Herodotus (iii. 112). There are about 40 villages and 

 many country-houses scattered about the island, the population of 

 which is reckoned at 20,000. There is a Greek and a Latin bishop, 

 with convents of both churches. The northern part of the island 

 contains some moimtaiu'', from which came a kind of marble called 

 by the Greeks ophites, on account of its bejng spotted like a serpent's 

 skin, and which was much valued. Emery is also found there, which 

 is considered of the best kind, aud constitutes an article of export. 



There was an ancient city of Sicily billed Naxos, north of Catane, 

 and near the site of Taormina, which was founded by some Chal- 

 cidians from Euboea. (Strabo, p. 267.) 



Coin of Naxos. 

 British Musenm. Actual alio. 



Silver. 



NAYLAND. [Suffolk.] 



NAZAlllE, ST. [LoiBE-lNFEHUSUKE.] 



NAZARETH. [SyniA.] 



NAZING. [Essex.] 



NEAGH, LOUGH, Ireland, a lake in the province of tJlster, is 

 bounded N. by the county of Antrim, E. by Antrim and a small part 

 of Down, S. by Armagh, and VV. by Tyrone. Its greatest length 

 from north to south is 18 miles; from east to west, 11 miles. It 

 covers 98,2.05 acres, or 154 square miles. The surface of the lake is 

 48 feet above the level of the sea at low water, and its greatest depth 

 is about 102 feet. It is the largest lake in the BritUh Islands. 



The principal bays are Antrim Bay, Sandy Bay, and Bartin's Bay on 

 the east side, and Washing Bay in the south-west In the lough arc 

 several very small islands ; on Rams Island, in Sandy Bay, there is an 

 ancient round tower. Lough Neaj-h receives the Blackwater, the 

 Upper Ban, the Six-Milo-Water, the Main, and tho Moyola. Tho only 

 outlet is the Lower Ban, which quits the lake at the north-western 

 angle, and, passing through Lough Beg, enters the ocean below Colc- 

 raine. The shores of the lake are low and flat, aud in some parts 

 marshy and frequently flooded. The water possesses in several parts 

 a petrifying quality. The petrified wood is manufactured into hones ; 

 and the pebbles found in the white sand of the shores, chiefly chalce- 

 dony, are polished and wrought into seals and necklaces. The char, 

 the pullan (or fresh-water herring), the doUaghem (a species of trout), 

 and other fish are taken in the lough ; and the swan, the heron, the 

 bittern, the teal, and the widgeon frequent the shores. 



Lough Neagh possesses several good landing-places and ports, and 

 is navigated by small vessels. It communicates by one canal with 

 Lisbum and Belfast, by another with Newry, and by the river Black- 

 water and the Tyrone and Ulster canals with the Tyrone coal-field, 

 Monaghan, Clones, and Lough Erne. A steaAi-boat is employed on 

 it in towing vessels. 



NEAPOLIS. [IsTRi,v; Naples.] 



NEATH, Glamorganshire, South Wales, a market-town, municipal 

 and parliamentary borough, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union in the 

 parish of Neath, is pleasantly situated on the left bank of the river 

 Neath, in 51° 40' N. lat, 3" 49' W. long., distant 35 mUes W.N.W. 

 from Cardiff, 198 miles W. by N. from London by road, and 208 miles 

 by the Great Western and South Wales railways. Tho population of 

 the borough in 1S51 was 5841. The borough is governed by 4 alder- 

 men and 12 councillors, one of whom is mayor, and is contributory 

 to Swansea in returning one member to the Imperial Parliament. The 

 living is a rectory in the archdeaconry aud diocese of Llandaff. Neath 

 Poor-Law Union contains 30 parishes aud townships, with an area of 

 162,817 acres, and a popuhition in 1851 of 46,471. 



Neath occupies the site of the Roman station Nidum. The river 

 Neath is crossed at the town by a bridge. The streets are lighted 

 with gas and paved. There is a commodious market-house, erected 

 in 1837. The church has a square embattled tower. The Wesleyan 

 Methodists, Independents, and Baptists, have places of worship ; and 

 there are schools partially endowed, a philosophical society, muwuin 



