﻿MS 



KESa^SKA. 



NEPAtlL. 



t 



libimiy, and meehanic* iniUtute. Of the autle, part of the walls and 

 a gateway, flanked by two towcn, are yet itaDdhig. The export* are 

 ooal, copper, iron, fire-brickd, oak, timber, 4c. ; the import! are copper- 

 and iron-ore, com, floiir, foreign timber, *c. There are largje copper-, 

 iron-, and tin-pUte-worka. iUchinenr fur smelting and mining opera- 

 tions i* extenaiTely made. The market ia held on Wednoaday, and 

 there are throe fairs in the year. About a mile from Neath are the 

 luin* of Keath Abbey, founded in the 1 2th century. 



NEBRASKA, a territoty of the United Sutes of North America, 

 •(tablished by Act of Congren 1354, occupies the tract of unreclaimed 

 eountry north of the Nebraska River up to 42* N. lat. It is bounded 

 E. by the sUte of Iowa, from which it is divided by the Missouri 

 Kiver ; N. by the North-Wast territory ; W. by the Rocky Mountains, 

 which divide* it from the Oregon and Utah territories ; and S. by tho 

 territory of Kansas. No definite statement of its limits has been 

 lotilished ; bat the area of Kansas and Nebraska together'is estimated 

 ly the United States land-office at 136,700 square mile*. No census 

 has been taken of the population : the civilised inhabitants are very 

 few in number. 



This country and Kansas have hitherto been nsaally spoken of 

 together [Kaitoas], and the descriptions published have included both. 

 Like Ksnias, Nebraska has on the east, extending down to the valley 

 of the Missouri, extensive tracts of prairie lands ; on the west a 

 broken and hilly ooontcy, rising into the mountainous tract of the 

 Rocky Mountain range ; while the centre is occupied by a broad 

 apparently irreclaimable waste, forming the northern part of the Great 

 American Desert, and the home of numerous wandering tribes of 

 Indians, But Nebraska has a larger share than Kansas of this desert 

 land, and in other parts it is believed a less fertile soil. 



Tlie Miasoori, as we have said forms its eastern boundary, and the 

 only actual settlements, so far as we know, yet made in tliis territory 

 are on its banks. The chief river belonging to the territory, and 

 that which gives it its name, is the Nebrsslu, which is formed by the 

 onion, in 41 6' N. Int., 101° 21' W. long., of two branches from the 

 Rocky Mountains. The united stream flows in a generaUy eastern 

 direction to the Miasoori into which it falls about 60 miles below 

 Council BluSs, and about 600 miles above tho confluence of the Mis- 

 Bouri with the MisaiasippL It ia a very rapid shallow sb-eam, fordable, 

 except during floods, in almost every part ; and full of islands covered 

 with cotton wood, willows, and shrubs, and of shifting sandy shoala : 

 it is thought to be unavailable for navigation by steam-boats of light 

 draught for more than 40 mile& At its confluence with the Missouri it 

 b 400 yards wide. One of the two main routes for emigrants to 

 Oregon and the Pacific lies along this river quite up to the Rocky 

 Mountains. The chief affluenta of the Nebraska belonging to this 

 territory are the Loup Pork, Elkhom, and Wood rivers. 



The diief settlement yet formed is Council Blufb on the Missouri, 

 which is witldn this territory, though previous to its organisation 

 assigned to Iowa, nnder which state it will be found noticed. It is of 

 eooaderable local importance as the last dviliaed resting place of the 

 emigrant to tho ' far west,' who here makes his final arrangements and 

 porchases, previous to entering upon what has hitherto been commonly 

 known a« the Indian country. Council Bluffs was established as a 

 ■ovemment Indian agency station. Bellevue, a little lower down the 

 ICisM>uri, is the only other civilised settlement in the Nebraska terri- 

 tory, with the exception of a military station for the surveillance of 

 the Indians. The chief tribes of Indians in Nebraska are the Pawnee*, 

 Poncahs, Omabas, Ottoes, ftc, but we have no account of their 

 number* or condition. 



The Act of Congress which erected Nebraska into a territory, leave* 

 it open to aettlement by dtixens of the United State*, and to aliens 

 who make the usual declaration of their intention to become citizens; 

 and defer* to the iohabitanta themselves the power to determine 

 whether slavery shall be permitted to exist within the territory. 



NECKAR-KREIS (circle of the Neckar), a province in the north- 

 west of the kingdom of Wiirtemberg, is bounded N. and W. by the 

 nand-duchy of Baden, E. by the circle* of Jaxt and Danube, and S. 

 by that of Sahwarzwa]d. It* length from north to south is S6 miles; 

 its breadth is aboot 36 miles; it* area is 1278 square miles; and its 

 papulation in 1862 was 601,034. The province is traversed by several 

 nUDM of moderatelv high forest-dad bills, which run in a wettem or 

 ■enb-westam direction bom the Rauhe Alb, or Alp* of Suabia, in the 

 Met of the kingdom. It take* it* name from the nver Neckar, which, 

 (Wag OD the Baden fhmtier in Ute louth of the Schwarzwald, runs in 

 • gneral north sae t a iu direction to the centre of the kingdom of 

 Wttitembsn, wbaooe it flows northerly past Heilbronn, below which 

 it ton* to the north-west, eroiss* the territory of Baden till it reaches 

 that of Hesse-Dannatadt: of this it forms the boundary to ito 

 •otrano* faito tt>* Rhine *t Mannheim, after a course of about 170 mile*. 

 T** Meokar raoeire* in thi* nrovinoe the Enr, the Kocher, tho Jaxt, 

 and a neat aomber of small streams. It ia navigable for small craft 

 ft<om OuUMtadt There are several Uka* and mineral springs in the 

 DTOvinosu The soil of the valley of the Neckar and of the oUier riveni 

 Is exceedingly rioh and fertile. The chief produoto are wheat, hemp, 

 wine, silk, and wood. Homed cattle, sheep, and hone* of good breed 

 are mimerous. Railroads run trom Stutlgardt to HeUbroun, and 

 from Stottgardt to Ulm and Kre^terikuhaf un the Lake of Constance 

 (bom Ulm a Un* ran* east to Augsburg). From the former line a 



bnnoh i* oon sti uutej to join the great trunk line along the right bank 

 of the Rhine at the Bruohaal station, between Carlsruhe and Hddelher^g. 

 [WObtembebo.] 



Totnu. — Stuttoardt. Cakxradt. EsBUsass. ffeilbronn, 28 miles 

 N. by railway fh>m Stuttgardt, is sitoated on ttie right bank of tho 

 Neckar, which is hero ciossed by a wooden bridge. It ia sur- 

 rounded with high walla and a deep ditch, and contains some good 

 buildings, the most interesting of which are the churob of >St.-Knian, 

 the town-hall, and the house of the Teutonic Knights, now uiied si 

 barracka Heilbronn has a gymnaaium, a public library, and about 

 10,000 inhabitants, who an actively engaged in trade, and in the manu- 

 fiiotara of silver ware, carpets, tobacco, white lead, chemical productH, 

 gunshot, paper, ftc The navigation of the Neckar below this town is 

 much fecilitated by the Wilhelm's Canal. LudwigAurg, N. of 

 Cannstadt, a mile from the left bank of the Neckar, ia a well-built 

 town, with 620S Inhabitants, exclusive of the garrison. The town, 

 which, for its sise, is one of the prettiest in Germany, hag long wide 

 streets, mostly lined with trees. The principal buil<)iiig is the former 

 royal palace, one of the largest in Germany ; it contains a great number 

 of pictures of the old German and Flemish schoola The other remark- 

 able objects are the military college, the lyceum, and the arsenal. 

 Woollen cloth, linen, calico, jewellery, leather, nails, and cannon, are 

 among its industrial products. 



NKEDHAM MARKET. [Suffolk.] 



NEELOHEKRY, or NILGHKRRY, MOUNTAINS. [Hisdusiak.] 



NEOAPATAM. 1C.\bnatic.] 



NKGRO, RIO. [Brazil.] 



NEQROPONT. [Ecb(ka.] 



NEISSE. [Oppeus.] 



NEJD. [Arabia,] 



NELLORE. [Carnatio.] 



NELSON. [Zealabd, New.] 



NEL.SON HIVER. [Hudsoh's Bat Tebbitoeiks.] 



NEMOURS. [Seine-et-Mabnk.] 



NEN, RIVER. [CAXBBmaBSBiBE ; Nortbamftoksuire.] 



NEKAQH, Tipperory county, Ireland, a market- and post-town, 

 and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, is situated on the Dublin aud 

 Limerick road, in 52° 62' N. lat, 8° U' W. long., distant by road 24 

 miles N.E. from Limerick, and 95 miles S.W. from Dublin. The popu- 

 lation in 1851 was 7349, besides 1948 inmates of the workhouse. 

 Nenagh Poor-Law Union comprises 28 electoral divisions, with an 

 area of 183,088 acres, and a population in 1841 of 72,045 ; in 1851 of 

 50,492. The town consists of four streets which contain some well 

 built houses, and the place has a neat and pleasant appearance. The 

 parish church is a plain building, erected in 1810. There are chapeU 

 for Roman Catholics and Methodists, a parochial Free school, throe 

 National schools, the court-house and jail for the Nortli Riding, a 

 dispensary, and Union workhouse, and an infantry barrack. There is 

 a weekly market for com and cattle. The market-day is Thursday. 

 Nenagh Round, a lofty and massive keep, forms a conspicuous object 

 in tho town. 



NRNTHEAD. [Cdmbebland.] 



NEOT'S, ST., Huntingdonshire, a market-town, and the leat of a 

 Poor-Law tJnion, in the parish of St. Neot's, is ^tuated on the right 

 bank of the river Ouse, in 52° 14' N. lat, 0* 17' W. long., distant 9 

 miles S. by W. from Huntingdon, 58 miles N. by W. from London by 

 road, and 51 ^ miles by the Great Northern railway. The population 

 of the town in 1S51 was 2961. The living is a vicarage in the aroh- 

 deaoonry of Huntingdon and diocese of Ely. St Neut's Poor-Law 

 Union contains 30 parishes and townships, with an area of 05,258 

 acres, and a population in 1851 of 18,826. 



At this places andently called Ainulphsbory, a Benedictine nionaa. 

 tery was early established, to which the remains of Neot, a Saxon 

 saint, were transferred from Neotatock, in Cornwall The town consist* 

 of several streets, and has a commodious market-place. The lownaa* 

 of its sito exposes the town to inundations of tho Ouse, which ia hen 

 crossed by a bridge of five arohes, with six additional arches over the 

 low ground on the banks. The parish church is considered tho finest 

 chunh in the county. It consists of a nave, aisles, and chancel, with 

 a tower 150 feet high at the west end. The interior has been well 

 restored. The Baptist* and Wealeyan Methodist* have chnpels, and 

 there are Free, National, and Infant schools. A paper manufactory 

 employs some of the inhabitant*. The market is held on Thursday, 

 aud there are three yearly fairs. 



NEOT'S, ST. [CoRXWAix.] 



NEPACTOS. rLEPANTO, Gulf op.] 



NEPAUL, or NEPAL, a principality situated within the range of 

 the Himalaya Mountains, lies between 26° 20' and 30° 40' N. lat., 

 80° 6' and 88° 20' B. long. It has Tibet on the N., the plains of 

 Hindustan on the S., Kumaon on the W., and Sikim on the E. The 

 length east to west is about 460 miles, the breadth north tu south, on 

 an average, ia about 100 mile*. The area is 64,000 square miles. The 

 population is estimated at 1,940,000. 



Nepaul forms a long and elevated valley, inclosed by the Himalaya 

 Mountains on the north, and by tho Lama Dangra Mountains on the 

 south. Some of the summit* of the Himalaya Mountains bordering 

 upon Nepaul are the highest of the range, one of them, the Dhawal. 

 aghiri, or White Mountab, attaining ao elevation of 28,000 feet above 



