﻿NT 



KEW JERSEY. 



NEW JEB8EY. 



Il feond in eoiwidarmbla qnanlitiMi in the hilly diatrioU. Eoormon* 

 iimrn of the imdnoible mioeral fint obwrred in thi« iteto, called 

 franklinite, an found at Fraukliu, whence ita name, aod elaewbere. 

 Uranile, limcatooca, and aand»tonaa adapted for building parpoaea an 



Suarried ; aa are alao marblea of rarioua and aome of very Wutiful 

 aacripUoDa. 



dim wit. Soil, amd iVododtoML— The northern part of the state in 

 MNMAAffably cooler than tha aouthero, and more Bulubrious. The 

 aoQtlMni part ia influenead by the preralent winds from the Atlnntic. 

 In the vicinity of the low swampy districts agues and malignant feveni 

 preraiL Cape llay bowever, the moat southern [loint of the btate, is 

 rsaortad to by invalida and others during summer aa a healthy 

 wataring-plaoa. 



The aoila vary oouaiderably according to the locality and the 

 geoUigical dtaracter of thu substratum of rocks. The hilly districts 

 ara for the moat part iu their natural state, only a few farms bKvinf; 

 y«t bean establiahed on the hill sidrs. The Tnileya however afford 

 •xeallent aoila ; and while the hills are covered with forests of oak, 

 pine, hickoiy, poplar, &c., the valleys are chul with crops of maixe, 

 wheat, and most of the ordinary agricultural products. The most 

 productive part of New Jersey is the ofntral section, where all the 

 oeraals flourish, and the orchards yield large profits ; the apples and 

 cider, aD<l alao the peaches of this part of the state find a ready sale 

 ia the markets of New York aod rhiUdrlphia. The southern di>tricts 

 have a dry sandy soil, but it is citpable of being rendered fertile by 

 tiie application of manures, which are readily obtained. Stunted oaks 

 aod otAt'r trees cover a considerable portion of this southern district. 



The cereals moat largely raised in New Jersey are maize, wheat, 

 oata, rye, and buckwheat ; very little barley is grown. Potatoes are 

 grown in very large quantities ; a considerable quantity of sweet 

 potatoes is also raised. Orchard products, as already mentioned, form 

 a ataple of the middle district ; and some wine is made. Vegetablea 

 also form an important item in the agricultural returns. No cotton 

 is raised, and very little tobacco. Hora«s ara not partiuularly 

 namerous. In the hilly parts nnd along the coast a good many 

 hocnad-eattle are reared, and the dairy products are important 

 Sheep are pretty numerous, and a good deal of attention is given to 

 the wooL Swine are very plentiful The wolf, bear, deer, and other 

 wild animals still roam in the forests of the north. 



ilammfact%n$ and Oomnerce. — New Jersey is generally regarded aa 

 an agricultural atate, but it has an important and growing mann- 

 fucturing interest At the census of 1850, out of a total of 128,740 

 males above 15 years of age, 82,884 were returned as engaged in agri- 

 culture, and 4C,514 in commerce, trade, mannfacturea, mechanic arts, 

 and mining. The principal manufaeturea are of cotton and woollen 

 gooda; pig-, cast-, and wronght-iron ; machinery, leather, glass, and 

 cartbonware ; brides, paper, jewellery, firearms, paiut, spirits, boots 

 and shoea, hats, && 



Tba direct foreign commerce of the state is small, the exports 

 fating mostly forwardad, and the imports received through the (Kirts 

 of New Yovk and Philadelphia. The tutal shipping owned by the 

 atate iu 1 850 amountml to 80,800 tooa. In 1852 there were 38 veeaela 

 built in the state of the aggregate burden of Si^SS tona. 



/NaisMiu, TWns, <6c.— New Jersey is divided into 20 counties. 

 Traaton is the political capital; but Newai-k is by far the mof.t 

 populous dty ia the state. These, with some of the other more 

 important places, we notiae below ; the population is that of 1850 : — 



TmtUm, tha capital of New Jcnej, stands at the confluence of the 

 Aaaunpink Creek with the D.Uwara Hirer, in 40" 14' N. lat, 74° 40' 

 W. long., IM miles N.E. from Waahington. 30 miles from Phila- 

 delphia, and 59 miles from New York : population, 0401. The city 

 is regularly laid out, and coutaina aome good buildings. The state- 

 boose is a Bpaeioua structure ; the other principal public buildings 

 are tha govemor's-houKe, court-house, state lunatic asylum, and state 

 prison ; there are several eburcfaea, schools. &c. Trenton posseaigs 

 great water-power, and ia the aeat of extensive manufactures of paper 

 ■od leather, saw-miiht, griat-mills, Ac. The Delaware is navigable 

 up to Ttrntun by aloops and steam-boats ; and the sloop navigation 

 is oontanued by the Karitun Canal which here joins the DeUware. 

 Swaral railways unite at Trenton. The Delaware Uivor is here crossed 

 bj a covered bridge of five arches, erected in 1806. 



Ntmark, a port of entry, and the principal commercial and raaau- 

 iaatoiing city of the state, »n the right bank of the Pasaaic, 3 milea 

 •bow its outfall iu Newark Hay, 47 mUes N.E. from Trenton, and 

 • asUaa W. from New York : po|>uhition, 38,8M. The city ia regu- 

 *"'?.'**** ""' ' **'* "***•*• "™ ^'^^' 'traight, and in parts bordcrad 

 by Hrg* and lofty elms ; au<l the city is supplied with good water 

 ■ad lighted by gas. Some of the public buildings are handsome 

 • "tM**" There are »o churohta, numerous schools, threa literary, 

 and various bcnsvolant institutions. The manu&otures ara on an 

 extensive scale, the principiil Iwiug uf machinery, railway-ears, 

 •HTiagi^aad waggons, ainc-paint, leather, india robber, paper-bang- 

 iagi, catlery, jewaliary, An. 'I'iix vurumaros is chiefly connected wiUi 

 4b« rw s t i a g-Uade, bat a few foreign veaaala annually enter the port 

 tUmteraoaMnanieatioBbkept up by .ttaaiboata with New York; 

 ■a4by lailwqr wttb tho ohiaf towns in this and the aaghbouriug 

 alMaa. Tbn* aewspapan art publishad daily. 



Ntm Bnmmrick, a city aad port of tntry, and the capital of Middle- 



sex ooun^, on the right bank of tba Raritan. 1 4 miles from its mouth, 

 24 mdea N.K from 'Trenton : population, 10,01U. The river is navi. 

 gable for vesaala drawing 8 feet of water up to the town, and the naviga- 

 tion is continoed by the llaritan and Delaware Canal, which here loo^ 

 into the Raritan. The city is the centre of a fertile district, and baa 

 considerable trade and manufaeturea. The oldest part of the city 

 consists of narrow and crooked streets, built by the riverside ; but 

 the new part stands on elevated ground, and oonaiBts of broad and 

 straight streets, in which are aome good buildinga. On the higheat 

 ground is Rutger's College, founded in 1770, which iu 1853 had 

 7 professors, 85 students, and a library of 10,000 volumes ; and in the 

 vicinity is the theological aeminary of the Dutch lieformed Church. 



Patenon, on the Passaic, immediately below the great falls of that 

 river, 58 miles N.E. from 'Trenton, population 11,334, is tha centre of 

 the cotton-trade of New Jersey. It contains 20 extensiva cotton- 

 milU, several large wooUen-mills, fulling-mills, dyeing and printing- 

 work«, machine-shops, car and carriage-factories, irou and brass- 

 foundries, gun and pistol factories, paper-mills, and numerous other 

 works, for which the falla, as rendered available by exteoaive dama, 

 afford ample water-power. The town is well built, contains many 

 public buiMiugd, hotels, and trading eatablishments of oooaidermble 

 »rcliitcctiu-al pretension ; numerous ohurchea, academies, schools, a 

 philosupbicol society, mechanics institute, ftc On tha opposite aide 

 of the Passaic, and united to it by two bridges, is the town of iVine 

 Manckater (population 2788), similar in character to Paterton, and in 

 effect a suburb of it. 



Burlington City, population 4530, occupiaa a amall island on the 

 left side of the Delaware, IS miles S. by W. from Trenton ; csrries on 

 considereble trade and maoufaotores, and coutaina some good build- 

 ings, Camden, on the Delaware, opposite to Philadelphia, population 

 0479, ia a place of considerable and growing trade. The city is well 

 built) and contains numerous churches, schools, a court-house, and 

 other public buildings. Shi|>s of the largest sixe ascend to the lower 

 part of the city ; and there is ample railway acoommodation. Three 

 ferriea unite Camden with Philadelphia. Some manufactures are 

 carried on. JF^ua6e(/i TWn, on the left bank of Elisabeth Creek, about 

 2 milea above its entrance into Statan laland Sound, 40 milea N.E. 

 from Trenton, popuUtion 55S3, contains a court-house and other 

 buildings, and has some trade and manufactures : the New Jersey, and 

 New Jersey Central railways meet here. Jtrteg City, on the Hudson 

 opposite to New York, with which city it is connected by steam ferries, 

 population 6856, is a very busy manufacturing town, and has incor- 

 porated with it two or three manufacturing suburbs, which swell ita 

 population to upwards of 11,000. The Cunard steam-ship dock ia 

 situated here ; there are also extenmve wharfs, and the railways from 

 New York westward commence here. The chief manufaeturea are of 

 iron, gUss, pottery, rope, starch, soap, Sus. Ship-building is carried on. 

 Morrittovm, the capital of Morris county, stands on elevated ground 

 about 42 miles N.N.E. from Trenton, population 4992; it is regularly 

 laid out with wide straight streets, contains the county and several other 

 public buildings, and has somewhat extensive iron-foundries, maohino- 

 sbops, paper-miUs, Ac Perth Amboy, population 1865, on the left 

 bonk, and at the mouth of the Raritan, and >So«<A Amboy, population 

 2266, on the right bank, nearly oi>posite to Perth Amboy, are pUcoa 

 of considerable trade, owing to their position at tha head of Itiaritan 

 Bay, and their proximity to New York. Perth Amboy has some 

 manufaeturea ; South Amboy has aome potteries, and is the terminus 

 of the Amboy and Camden railway, which is connected with New 

 York by steam-boats, Salem, on the left bank of Salem Creek, 4 miles 

 from its confluence with the Delaware, and 59 miles S.W. by S. from 

 Trenton, population 8052, is the oldest town in New Jersey, having 

 been founded in 1675. It contains a oourt-hoiiae laxS other public 

 boildinga^ and has some trade : veasels of 50 tons ascend to the towi' 

 ^reievAsry, population 3182, on the Navesink inlet, 87 miles E.N.i. 

 from Trenton, u a place of considerable business, and is much resorted 

 to during summer aa a bathing-plaoe by the citixens of New York and 

 PhUadelphia. 



Ooftmmtmt, Jlitltry, Ac — The preaent oooatitution was frameil and 

 adopted in 1844, By it the right of voting is vested in every white 

 male citizen of the United States 21 years of age, who has resided in 

 the state for a year. All elections ara by ballot 'The legislature 

 consists of a Senate of 20 members, elsotea for three years, one-third 

 being eleoted annually ; and a Qeaeral Assembly at 60 members, 

 eleoted annually. The governor is elected for three years. The juilges 

 are appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate, for 

 aevsn yean. The revenue for Uie year ending January 1, 1853, was 

 171,683 dollars; the expenditure for the same period was 165,538 

 dolhu^. The debt of the sUte, January 1, 1853, was 71,346 dollars. 

 llie state militia comprises 81,984 men. 



Nsw Jrraey was originally settled by the Dutch in the early part of 

 the 17th century; their settlements beinj chiedy alou • the Hudson. 

 Some Swedish setUemanta were made soon after, but they were taken 

 posHession of by the Dutch. In 1664 Churlea II. of ICugUod, without 

 regarding the Dutch priority of claim, graDtrd this territory, with New 

 York, to his brother the Duke of York, aftern'ards James II., who 

 sold his patent to Laurd Berkeley and Sir (ieorge Carteret. The 

 Dutch, about 1674, regained possssa i on of this territory ; but on the 

 oonolusioQ of peace soon after it waa restored to England. Lord 



