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NEW YORK. 



NEW YORK. 



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principal manufacturea are of varioua branches of the iron trade, 

 machinery, hardware, and cutlery ; but there are also extensive cotton 

 and woollen factories, railway-car works, paper-mills, tanneries, flour- 

 mills, lumber-yards, &c. The shipping trade with New York is very 

 large. Numerous railways, as well as the Erie and Champlain canals, 

 connect Troy with all parts of the state and with Canada, 



Utica, on the right bank of the Mohawk River and on the Erie 

 Canal, 95 miles by railway W.N.W. from Albany : population, 17,565. 

 The city stands on rising ground ; is regularly laid out with streets 

 100 feet wide ; contains 20 churches,, several schools, two orphan 

 asylums, the state lunatic asylum, a very large and handsome building 

 with extensive grounds, and other public buildings; and has large 

 manufactories of iron, machinery, carriages, leather, flour, kc. 



Williamtburg, on the east bank of East River, Long Island Sound, 

 nearly opposite to New York city, with which it is connected by a 

 ■team ferry, and of which it is in fact a suburb : population 30,780. 

 The city, which was incorporated in 1852, stands on an elevated site, 

 is regularly laid out, contains many fine buildings, including 30 

 churches, and numerous extensive manufacturing and business eatab- 

 liahmente, and resembles in character and general arrangements the 

 parent city, with the fortunes of which it is closely united. 



Auium, at the outlet of Owaaco Lake, 175 mUea W. from Albany, 

 population 9548, ia a busy manufacturing village, and contains the 

 ■tate prison, a Presbyterian college, &c. Canandaigua, on the west 

 tide of Canandaigua Lake, 200 miles W. from Albany, population 

 6143, is a place of considerable business, and a station of three lines 

 of railway. Calikill, on the right bank of the Hudson, at the con- 

 fluence of Catskill Creek, population 5454, contains the county 

 buildings, several churches, schools, hotels, &c. ; possesses consider- 

 able manufactures; and has a large river trade. Elmira, at the 

 confluence of Newton's Creek with Chemging River, 160 miles W. by 

 8. from Albany, population 6212, has considerable manufactures, a 

 large trade in lumber, and is amply provided with canal and railway 

 &cilities. Fluihing, at the head of Flushing Bay, Long Island Sound, 

 125 miles S. from Albany, population about 2500, ia a place of con- 

 siderable resort in summer for bathing. In the village are several 

 good churches, and near it is St. John's Episcopal College. Large 

 quantities of vegetables are raised in the neighbourhood for the New 

 York market. Oencca, at the north-western angle of Seneca Lake, 

 160 miles W.N.W. from Albany, population about 4500, is celebrated 

 for the beauty of its site, and as the seat of Geneva College and 

 Uedical SchooL It contains several reridenoeg of a superior class, and 

 Curries on some manufactures. Ithaca, on both sides of Cayuga inlet, 

 about a mile above its entrance into Cayuga Lake : population, 6909. 

 Canal boats ascend to the town, whiclf possesses unusual water-power, 

 which has been rendered largely available in working cotton, woollen, 

 flour, paper, and plaster mills ; there are also iron-works, machine- 

 shops, &c. The village is regularly laid out, contains some good 

 buildings, and has ample railway acoommo<latjon. Lansingburg, on 

 the left bank of the Hudson, at the head of sloop navigation, 10 miles 

 N.N.E. from Albany, population about 4500, is a busy and flourishing 

 m anu f acturing and trading town, and contains several churches, 

 schools, and public buildings. It is connected with Waterford, on the 

 opposite bank, by a bridge, and with most of the leading towns in the 

 ■tate by railways. Lockport, on the Erie Canal, and on the Canandaigua 

 and Niagara railway, 250 miles W. by N. from Albany, and 23 nules 

 from the Falls of Niagara, population 12,323, is one of the most pros- 



ferous and rapidly-increasing villages in the western part of the state, 

 t contains a court-house, jail, and other county buildings, 18 churches, 

 several schools, &c. ; and has extensive cotton and woollen factories, 

 iron-furnaces, machine-shops, agricultural implement manufactories, 

 flour-, saw-, and plaster-mills, &c. Newburg, on the right bank of the 

 Hudson, 65 miles S. by W. from Albany: population, 11,415. The 

 village is finely situated on elevated ground, and contains the usual 

 county buildings, churches, schools, \c., and a theological seminary. 

 It has extensive manufactories of machinery, carriages, chairs, cordage, 

 flour; with iron-foundries, tanneries, lumber- and stone-yards, &c. 

 A large trade is carried on in forwarding by the river to New York 

 vegetables and other agricultural produce received from the interior. 

 Niagara PaUi, population about 1000, is so called from the famous 

 Falls of Niagara, close to which it is situated. It contains flour- and 

 paperimills, iron-furoaces, and several large hotels. PlatUburg, at the 

 head of Cumberland Bay, on the west bank of Lake Champlain, 

 150 miles N. from Albany : population of the township, 6618. The 

 village contains some good buildings, has considerable trade and 

 manufactures, and possesses good railway accommodation. Pougk- 

 Iceeptie, on the left bank of the Hudson, about midway between 

 Albany and New York : population, 13,944. The town is large, 

 regularly laid out, and contains many spacious and handsome public 

 buildings; among them are the court-house, jail; 17 churches, a 

 college, and numerous schools; a lyceum; two market-houses, &c. 

 The manufacturing establishments are numerous, and some are on a 

 very laiva scale : the principal are locomotive- and machine-shops, 

 iron- and brass-works, carpet factories, cotton- and silk mills, oil- and 

 candle-worlu, breweries, tanneries, gunsmiths, &o, A large trade is 

 carried on with the back country ; and the river trade is very great. 

 Seme, on the right bank of the Mohawk, 109 miles by railway W.N.W. 

 from Albany, population o{ township 7&18, contains a United States 



QXOO. DIV. TOL. UI. 



arsenal and workshops, and has some manufactures. Sachetfs Harbour, 

 on Black River Bay, at the east end of Lake Ontario, is considered to 

 be the best harbour on the south side of the lake ; but though a good 

 deal of trade is canied on the place has not advanced nearly so fast 

 as some others in this part of t"he state. It contains a United States 

 barrack for 2000 men, a ship-yard, and naval stores. The village 

 has some manufactures. Sag Ilarbow; between Gardiner's and Great 

 Peconic bays. Long Island, population 3650, is extensively engaged in 

 the cod and whale fisheries, and the manufacture of salt. There is also 

 a very large clock factory. Some ship-building is carried on. Seneca 

 FalU, population 3045, is a busy manufacturing village, situated on 

 Seneca River and Canal, and on the Rochestsr and Syracuse railway, 

 185 miles W. from Albany. Watertown, at the falls of the Black 

 River, 145 mUes W.N.W. from Albany, population of township 7201, 

 has extensive cotton, woollen, paper, and flour mills, iron-works, &c., 

 and is a place of considerable trade. West Troy, on the right bank 

 of the Hudson, where the Erie Canal locks into it, 6 miles N. by K 

 from Albany, population 7564, has rapidly risen into importance aa a 

 trading and manufacturing town. The river and canal trade is very 

 large ; and, in addition to its private ship-yards and factories, West 

 Troy is the seat of the largest arsenal of construction belonging to the 

 United States. A bell-foundry here is the largest in the Union. 



Government, <tc. — The original constitution was framed in 1777 ; its 

 present amended form was aidopted in 1846. By it the right of voting 

 is vested in every free white male citizen, 21 years of age, who shaU 

 have resided in the state for one year; but free coloured men must 

 have been resident three years in the state, have possessed a freehold 

 to the value of 250 dollars, free of all encumbrances, for one year, and 

 have paid taxes thereon, before becoming entitled to vote. The legis- 

 lature consists of a Senate of 32 members, elected for two years, and 

 an Assembly of 128 members, elected annually. The total absolute 

 and contmgent debt of the state in 1852 was 24,323,838 dollars. The 

 total receipts from all sources in the year ending September 30, 1852, 

 was 6,318,947 dollars; and the total expenditure, 6,716,847 dollars. 

 The General Fund revenue, 'on which are charged the ordinary 

 expenses of government,' for the same period, was 1,153,477 dollars 

 (including a surplus of 15,753 dollars from the previous year); and 

 the expenditure, 1,341,821 dollars. 



Great attention is paid to education in the state. Besides the 

 primary schools established in every township, and the academies and 

 upper schools, there are in the state 20 colleges, including theological, 

 m«lical, and legal schools, with 135 professors and about 1600 

 students. 



The original discovery of the Bay of New York is believed to have 

 been made by Verrazano, a Florentine in the service of France, in 

 1624. But the discovei-y remained without fruits till 1609, when 

 Hudson, an Englishman in the Dutch service, sailed up the river, 

 which now bears his name, as far as the site of Albany. The Dutch 

 continued for some time to send vessels to trade with the Indian 

 possessors of the soil before founding any settlement^the earliest 

 having been made in 1614. The number of settlements or trading 

 stations rapidly increased, and armed forts were erected ; and in 1621 

 the territoiy was transferred by charter to the Dutch West Indian 

 Company. A few years later English traders settled in some places ; 

 and in 1627 the Plymouth Colony set up a claim to a portion of the 

 territory. Disputes and enmity continued for years, the English con- 

 tinually increasing in numbers and strength, until in 1645 they wrested 

 the colony from the Dutch and changed its name to New York, in 

 honour of the Duke of York, afterwards James II., who had obtained 

 from Charles II. a grant of the territory aa governor. The colony 

 was re-conquered by the Dutch in 1673, and its name changed to New 

 Orange ; but at the conclusion of peace in the following year it was 

 ceded by treaty to England, and its former name was restored. In 

 the war of independence New York played a prominent part ; and it 

 formed one of the 13 original states of the Union. 



(0'Callai?han, History of the Stale of New York ; Statistical Gazetteer 

 of the United States ; Geology of New Yorh : Reports of State Geologists ; 

 Marcou; Smenlh Census of the United States ; American, Almanac, &c.) 



NEW YORK, City of. State of New York, the largest city and the 

 commercial capital of the United States of North America, is situated 

 on the southern end of Manhattan Island, at the head of New York 

 Bay, and at the confluence of East Strait, or River, with Hudson River. 

 The City Hall is in 40° 42' 43" N. lat., 74° 0' 3 " W. long., 226 miles 

 N.W. by W. from Washington. The population, which was only 60,489 

 in 1800, was 312,710 in 1840, and 516,547 in 1850. The government 

 of the city ia vested in a mayor, recorder, and a common council of 

 38 members, consisting of one alderman and one assistant-alderman 

 elected by each of the 19 wards into which the city is divided. 



The island upon which New York stands is 13^ miles long, and from 



1 mile to 3 miles broad. The city extends along the Hudson above 



2 miles, and along the East River, which divides it from Long Island, 

 about 4 miles. The south-west part of the town, which was the earliest 

 built, is ill arranged; but the more modern parts are regularly laid out 

 in parallel avenues 100 feet wide, which are crossed by straight streets 

 80 feet wide ; the whole is well paved and lighted. Broadway, the 

 principal street, which runs through the centre of the town, is nearly 



3 miles long and 80 feet wide. It contains several handsome churches, 

 many of the principal hotels, and a great variety of elegant shops. 



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