﻿INI 



NORFOLK, U. 8. 



NORUAITDIE. 



lOU 



FoTT, on a ttrMun that flow* into the Wbmtj, WM en>ct«d in 1431 by 

 Sir Edmund Bedin^sld. It i* wholly aonitnict«d of brick, and 

 originaUy Inoloaad • qosdnuigular court, 118 feet by 92 feet The 

 •Dtnaw U oTcr a bridge (formarly • drawbridge) and through a gate- 

 way between two fine towen 80 fget high. The whole ia anrrounded 

 by a moat 83 feet broad and 10 ftet deep. Of Eart Baiham House, 

 near Fakeoham, built in the reign of Heury YII. or Henry VIII., the 

 walla of the porter'a lodge and aome of the apartmenta on the northern 

 aide of tha ooort remain, and are appropriated as a firm-hoaae. Win- 

 wal HooM, at Warebam, near Stoke Ferry, is perhapa the moat ancient 

 doraeatio edifice in England. It hai Xorman buttreaaea, and some 

 portion of ornament in that atyle. It consists of two stories, each 

 containing two apartments. The whole building is only 83 feet long 

 by 27 feet deep, and aoaresly 18 feet high. Ozmead Hall, and Blickling 

 Hall, near AyUham, belong to a later period — Oxmead to that of 

 Bliaabetli, and Blickling to that of James L or Charies I. 



A notfee of tha ancient buildings of Imin, and of the abbey of 

 nMtfbvd, will be found under Ltvh and THSTroBO. The abbeys or 

 Btleiiae of Wymondham and Caatle Acre hare been already mentioned. 

 Wakiae^am Abbey is noticed in the article Walsihobam, Little. 

 Laogley Abbey is on the verge of the marshes of the valley of the 

 Tare, S or 3 miles N. from Loddon. It was founded in 1198 by 

 Bobot Fits-Roger Helke, or De Clavering, for Premonstrateosian 

 ChoooB. The remaina of the Benedictine abbey of St. Bonnet of 

 Halms, fonnded by Osnute before 1020, are in the marshes near the 

 Jimetian ci the Burs with the Thum and the Ant. At West Dereham, 

 betweao Stoke Ferry and Downham Market, are the remains of a 

 Prcmonstratensian abbey, founded in 1188. The chapel and hoapital 

 (afterwards priory and abbey) of North Creak, 2 miles S. from Burn- 

 ham Market, were founded by Sir Robert de Nerford in 1208. The 

 priory and abbey belonged to the regular canons of St Augustine. 

 Of all these institutions there are ruins which contain some beautiful 

 poitiaos, ohlefly in the early English stylsi Near the ses, on the road 

 Be t wee n Cromer and Cley, are rome ' remains of Beeston Priory, 

 founded for the canons of St Augustine in the reign of John or of 

 Henry III. There are a few remuns of the once extensive priory of 

 Flitchsm, founded in the reign of Henry IIL, about 9 miles N.E. 

 from Lynn : they are used for farm offlcrs. Of Binham Priory, a 

 Benedictine bottse, 5 miles S. E. from Wells, founded by a nephew of 

 the Conqueror, the ruins are very considerable and interesting. The 

 nave and north aisle, and a portion of the south aisle of the conventual 

 church, with the chief part of the west front, and the ruins of the 

 north transept ramain. The west front is early English ; the interior 

 of the diarcn u Norman. The nave and north aisle are at present 

 oaed as the parish church. Of Broombolm Priory, near the sea, 

 between Cromer and Yarmouth, founded in 1113 for Cluniac monks, 

 there an aome remains incorporated with a farm-housa 



Several of the churches in the county have round towers, of no 

 grsat dimensions, surmounted by an octagonal upper story; and 

 many of them are partly of Norman architecture. Little Snoring 

 ekttfeh has a doorway exhibiting a curious mixture of Norman and 

 •ariy English. Northwold church hss in the chancel against the 

 north wall a lofty ahriae, or Easter sepulchre, the upper part of which 

 k eompoacd of canopies over nidies, while the lower part forma an 

 altar tomb, on which are three fignres of armed men in a posture of 

 alarm, deaigued to represent the soldiera at the Resurrection of Our 

 Lord. At Houghton, near Walaingham, is a small chapel, which is a 

 . btaatiful specimen of decorated anmiteetore. 



StaliHict ; Seligioui WorAip and £dueaHon. — According to the 

 Ratanis of the Censas in 1861 then were then in the county 1441 

 (Jaees of wonhip, of which 719 belonged to the Church of England, 

 616 to Wsalayan Methodists, 91 to Baptists, 49 to Indcpeudonts, 15 to 

 Quakers, IS to Mormons, 7 to Unitarians, 8 to Roman Catholics, and 

 2 to Jews. The total number of sittings provided was 280,683. The 

 Mimksv of day-schools in the county was 1861, of which 497 were 

 yobli* ■ehoela, with 84,961 scholan ; and 864 were private schools, 

 with 18,746 seholara Of Sunday schools, there were 782 in the county, 

 with 60,188 seho l ara, of which 481 schools, with 27,422 scholars, were 

 nadar the sapariBtalidanee of the Establiahed Church. The number 

 ef •MMiB( sohook for a<Iulta was 68, with 1088 pupils. There were 

 Umtnttf and soieatific institutions in the county, with 2176 mem- 

 bete, sad 40,470 volnmes in the libraries belongfaig to them. 



assjwyi BmmU—ln 1868 the county poaseseed 10 savings banks— 



!f.^?r^ Downham Market, fkkenham, Harleston, King's Lyim, 



•otwkk, Nottk Wakkua, SwiAam, Walton, and Great Yarmouth. 



Sf.i!?^.^'*'*'* ** aeporitow on November 20th 1868 was 

 Iv^VlK all eo, 



KORrOLK, C. 8. rViaonriA.] 



NORFOLK ISLAND. The group of islands of which Norfolk 

 bUod is tho latgast, cotuisU of Norfolk Island, Phflip IsUnd, Nepean 



— --'• lal kUU aaned the Bird Islands, which are Dttle 



•n. ' 'V'** ■»*** « * J »bont near the shoraa of Norfolk 

 The Ma siirpninflhg tha island has a rooky bottom, and 

 there k no good aMhoragei Norfolk laUad k used U the Britiah 

 ?2!'S^J " •J!"' seWMBWrt. It k sltnated in 29* 2* a Ut, 

 ijt^^ •** • •** ■■*• ^^^ '"»"• Sydney, and about 400 miles 

 ITNjr f^ New Zeakad. It is about 6 miles long, and the avenge 

 wHIft k sboot St aOsk Tbs aiea k sstiniated at 14 square miles. 



The substratam of the island k porphyry, but a very large number of 

 boulden of greenstone are distributed over the surface, and appear to 

 have been originally imbedded in the porphyry. The soutb-eaatem 

 part of the island, where the settlement is plsioed, is comparatively 

 flat, and the beach is almost inoessantly beaten by a violent surf. In 

 this part the porphyry b overlaid by sandstone and limestone. The 

 rest of the island rises from the sea with steep oliflb to the height of 

 from 200 to 800 feet The general elevation of the central part of the 

 island is from 800 to 350 feet, but Mount Pitt rises to the heii;ht of 

 1050 feet Numerous ravines radiate in all directions from Mount 

 Pitt, most of which terminate in abrupt declivities from 30 to 40 feet 

 above the sea, over which in winter fall sereml picturesque casoades. 

 A landing-place on the north side of the island is close to one of these 

 ravines, called Qreat Cascade. Springs of fresh water are abundant 

 The soil is rich, and the greatest part of the island k covered with 

 timbertrees, among which an pines 200 feet in height and 6 feet In 

 diameter. Maize, wheat, rye, barley, and oats, as well as vegetables 

 and fruits are cultivated ; but the difficulty of landing U unfavourable 

 to colonisation. The island was disoovered by Captain Cook in 1774. 

 It was fint occupied as a dependency of New South Wales, partly by 

 criminals and partly by free settlen; but since 1825 it has beian exclu- 

 sively a penal settlement The number of prisonera is fh>m 600 to 

 700. PhUip ItUind, about 6 miles S. from Norfolk Island, and unoccu- 



fied, is somewhat more than a mile long, and less than a mile wide, 

 t is everywhere precipitous, and is furrowed into deep gullies. 

 Neptan Iiland is smaller, and about 600 yards S. from Norfolk 

 Island. 



NOHICITM, a province of the Roman empire, was bounded N. by 

 the Danube, W. by Vindelicia and Rbcotia, R by Ponnonio, and S. by 

 niyricnm and Gallia Cisalpina. It was separated from Vindelicia by 

 the (Enus (Inn), nnd from Gallia Cisalpina by the Alpes Camicie and 

 Alpes Juliic ; but it is difficult to determine the boundaries Iwtween 

 Noricum and Pannonia, as they differed at various times. Under the 

 later times of the Roman empire. Mount Cetius and part of the river 

 Murius (Hur) appear to have formed the boundaries. Noricum would 

 thus correspond to the modern Styrio, Carinthia, and Salzburg, and 

 to parts of Austria nnd Bavaria. Noricum is not mentioned by name 

 in the division of the Roman empire, made by Augustus, but it may 

 be included among tbu Eparchies. (Strabo, p. 840.) 



Noricum was divided into two nearly equal parts by a branch of 

 the Alps, which was called the Alpes Norics. These mountains 

 appear to have been inhabited from the earliest times by various 

 tribes of Celtic origin, of whom the most celebrated were the Nonet 

 (whence the country obtained its name), a remnant of the Taurisci. 

 Noricum was conquered by Augustus, but it is uncertain whether he 

 reduced it into the form of a province. It appears to have been a 

 province in the time of Claudius, who founded the colony Sabaria, 

 which was afterwards included in Pnnnonio. (Plin., iii. 27.) It was 

 under the government of a procurator. (Toe., ' Hist,' i. 11.) From the 

 'Notitia Imperii' we learn that Noricum was subsequently divided 

 into two provinces, Noricum Ripense and Noricum Hediterraneum, 

 which were separated from each other by the Alpes Norica>. In the 

 former of these a strong military force was always stationed, under 

 the command of a dux. 



In addition to the Norici, Noricum was inhabited in the west by the 

 Sevaees, Alauni, and Ambisontii, and in the esst by the Ambidravi or 

 Ambidrani ; but of these tribes wo know scarcely anything except the 

 names. Of the towns of Noricum the best known was Noreio, the 

 capital of the Taurisci or Norici, which was besieged in the time of 

 Cnsar by the powerful nation of the Boii. (Ccosar, ' Bell. Gall.,' L 6.) 

 It was subsequently destroyed by the Romans. (Plin., ' Hist Nat,' 

 iiL 23.) The only other towns worthy of mention were, Juvanum 

 (Salzburg), in the western part of the province, Boiodurum (Innstadt), 

 at the junction of the Inn and Danube, and Ovilia, or Ovilaba, or 

 Ovilava (Wels), south-east of Boiodurum, a Roman colony founded by 

 Marcus Aurelius. 



The iron of Noricum was in much request among the Romans 

 (Pliny, 'Hist. Nat.,' ixxiv. 41); and according to Polybius gold was 

 formerly found in this province in great abunds^ce (quoted by Strabo, 

 iv. p. 208). 



NORMA. fFHOBtiiosiE.] 



NORMAN'DIE, one of the provinoes into which France in ante- 

 revolntionory times was divided, stretches along the English Channel 

 from the mouth of the Bresle at 'Trtfport to the mouth of the Couesnon, 

 which river flows past Pontorson and enters the sea to the west of 

 Mont-St-MicheL It is bounded on the north and west by theses. The 

 eaatem boundary dividing it from Picardie and Ile-de-France, ran along 

 the Bnsle and the Epto, to the mouth of the latter in the Seine ; it 

 then followed an irrrgular lino to the Eure, which it struck opposite 

 Ivry, whence the Eure completed the boundary to the mouth of the 

 Avre. The provinoes of Perohe and Maine touched it on the south, 

 the division being formed partly by the Avre, and partly by the crest 

 of the high lands that form the watershed between the Channel and 

 the Bay of Biscay, to about 1* W. long., whence it ran due west to the 

 Couesnon. On Uie south-west it was Dounded bv Bretagne, the lower 

 course of the Couesnon forming for a few miles the boundary between 

 the two provinces. 



Normandie was divided into Haute, or Upper Normandie, of which 



