﻿Mn 



KORWICH. 



KOTTINOHAM. 



100 



(DOiHkitary at tha Muna Uma M thoae of the o.ithednU ; 



) MWIM tai'j, of which a few tnoaa radtain, waa oomplatad in 1101. 

 The esthednU eouaiati of a nava with aida^laleii, two traoaepta without 

 ■Ulaa or oolumiu, a choir occupying part of the nare and the area 

 the tower, a ohaooel with atda-aialea, aereral chapels a tower 

 ■pira at tha intaraeotion of tha traoaepta with the nave, and n 

 itar, naariy perfect, on tha louth aide of tha church. The length 

 of tha building from eaat to waat b 407 fo«t ; tha breadth at the 

 tranaepta ia 178 feet; the breadth of the nare and aide-aialea ia 72 

 feet. The oloiatara, with the included upaoe, form a quadrangle with 

 the aidaa not quite parallel, but ATcniging about 176 feet eaob. The 

 height of the tower and apire, with the weathvrcock, ia 315 feet. The 

 plan ia almcat wholly Normau ; the eoat end haa a circular apsidial 

 termination, and aoma of the chspela are circular. In rnrioua pnrta 

 of the building there ia much Norman work of excellent character. 

 Tlie architecture of the nave is very bold, and the arches of the tri- 

 furiuin are Tery large. There are varioua inaertionn of later styles : 

 the spire ia of decorated English or early perpendicular; the cloisters 

 prraent a aariea of work from early decorated to per]>endicular ; and a 

 oonaiderable portion of the west front is of perjieudicular character. 



On the north side of the cathedral is the episcopal palace, a large 

 •ad iiragnlar edifice, built by different prelates ; there are iu the 

 Manden aoma remains of the ancient hnll of the palace, now in ruins. 

 Kear tlie west end of the cathedral is the free school (formerly the 

 ehamel-honse), containing some good ancient work ; and not far oiT 

 are two ancient gates— -iSt Ethelbert's Gate, ^f decorated English 

 character, and the Erpingham Gate, of late perpendicular; both 

 Tolnable specimens of their respective styles. 



There are 36 parish churches in Norwich. Some of them are 

 ▼alnafale apeeimeiis of ancient architecture. Those of St. Bennet, 

 St. Ethelr«d, and SL Julian bare round towers ; these towera are 

 usually eonsidenxl to be of early Norman date, but their original 

 openings hare been so di8turbe<l by alteration that tlieir period and 

 style cannot be exactly oscerlaineil. St. Geor>,'c's, Tombland, has a 

 aquare tower, with pinnacles, 120 feet high, which was rebuilt in 1445. 

 The church of St. Michael Coslany is of mixed character ; part is 

 early English, and part of perpendicular chancter ; in the latter the 

 tracery mouldings and other embellishments ore carred in stone, and 

 tha intersticea filled up with flinta. The churches of St Andrew, 

 8k. George Colegate, St Giles, St John Sopulchre, St Lawrence, 

 St. Michael at Plea, St. Saviour, and St Stephen are all handsome 

 efaorohes, of perpendicular character, some of them with lofty and 

 elegant flint and stone towers. But the most conspicuous church is 

 that of St Peter Xlancroft, a large and fine perpendicular church, with 

 a lofty tower and handsome windows. The nave of the church 

 belonging to the monastery of tha Dominican or Black Friars is now 

 the common hall of the city, cnlle<l St Andrew's Hall ; the choir, long 

 need aa the Dutoh or Walloon church, with the convent kitchen, 

 dormitory, iufirmary, and other parts, were lately used as a workhouse. 

 8t Giles' Hospital (popularly the Old Mau'a Hospital) comprehends 

 portions of the ancient church of St Helen's. 



The total number of plaoea of worehip in Norwich in 1861 waa 80, 

 of which 41 belonged to the Church of England, 10 to three sections 

 of Methodists, 8 to Bnptista, 3 to Independents, and 1 each to the 

 Countaaa of Huntingdon's Connexion, Quakers, Swedenborgians, 

 Bonaa Catholics, llormons. Unitarians, and Jews. The Free Qram- 

 nmr adiool was the first foundation of King Edward VI. ; it was 

 fbimded in 1S47. The school has an inoomo from endowment of 

 •bout S00(. • year ; it ia under the charge of a head master nnd n 

 •eooad maater, assisted by five other teachers. The endowment yields 

 in all about 8000^ a year, which is chiefly devoted to the support of 

 Bt Gilaa* Hospital for old people. The number of acholara in 18S3 

 was 93. Thire are National, Britiab, and Infant schools ; Diocesan, 

 Training, and Model schools; schools supported by Indepoiidenta, 

 Unitarians, and Roman Catholics ; and aeveral well-endowed Charity 

 adtoola. There are aeveral libraries, one of which, deaignated the 

 Norwich Public Library, contains about 20,000 volumes ; a museum ; 

 a school of design; and other educational institutions. The Norfolk 

 •ad Norwich Literary Inatitntion haa a valuable library of about 

 16,000 volumes, for which a fine new building has been erected. 



Tha Onildhall ia a large old building, erected in the 16th or 16th 

 oantary, but since repaired and altered ; it includea courts for holding 

 the eity aMriaaa and aaaaioua, and oontains some good paintings and 

 etlMr artieica of intnrat The new city jail is a massive and appro- 

 ■riata buildinir ; there Is also a bridewell. The shire-ball, in the oaatle 

 dileh, ia a brick Imilding in the Tudor style cased with cement The 

 »»w oonnty j«il, in connection with the caatle, is a oommodiooa 

 baHdiog. There is a cavalry Iwrrsck. 



The moat important trade of tlie town consista of the manufacture 

 of silk and wonted into shawln, crapea, bomhncinns, damasks, camlets, 

 and iroiUtionaof the Irish and French atufTs. T\\e manufacture of 

 tDoaaaeliita da laiae, cballis, and other light cotton fabrics is an im- 

 portant part of Norwieb industry. Iron-founding, agriciilturnlimple- 

 Bicat making, tanning, dyeing, l,rewiog, malting, coach-making, and 

 boot- and shr«-mnkiiig are earrie<l on. Thnrs are aeveral iiowerful 

 eom-niilla Msrki'ta tin held on Wr<1nesday and Saturday; the 

 Saturday market iaagrtat market for com and cattle. There are 

 three yearly fairs. Tba eom-market ia held in a Uiga Grecian build- 



ing, the Com Exobange, 80 feet b« 85 feet, and 27 feet high ; and the 

 cattle-market is in an open area adjacent to the caatle. There are alao a 

 fl«h-markat, a market for aeeds and skins, and a hay-market Trade 

 in agricultural prodooe, coal, and other heavy goods ia carried on by 

 means of the river, chiefly in lighters or whenies of from 15 to SO 

 tons burden. An entrance from the aea into tba navigable channel of 

 the Waveney, by Lake Lothiug, and a ship-canal from the Waveney to 

 the Yore or Wensum, faoilitato tha approach of aea-boma vessefa of 

 small tonnage. There is another abort canal near Norwich. These 

 various cuts, with the river, are navigable fur vcaaela not esceading 

 10 feet draught of water. The harbour, lock, and aloica at the aaa- 

 entrance of this navigation are extensive works. The aaaiiaa and 

 quarter-sesssions for the county of Norfolk are held at Norwwdi. A 

 county court is held in the city. 



The benevolent institutions and charities are very numerous. The 

 Norfolk and Norwich Huapital, a (arge buiMing of red brick, erected 

 in 1771, can receive above 100 prtticnts. It ij partly supported by a 

 triennial musical festival in St Andrew's IIUl. 'The Norfolk and 

 Norwich Lunatic Asylum is at Thorpe, about two miles from thu city. 

 There are a dispensary, an eye-infirmary, the Bethel hospital for poor 

 lunatics, an asylum and school for the blind, and several hospitals or 

 almshouses for the indigent — St Giloe' hoapital, the Boys' and Oiria' 

 hospitals, and Doughty's hospital, are the chief of theae. There is a 

 savings bank. 



The aee of Korwich is in the province of Canterbury. The dioceae 

 includea Norfolk and parte of Suffolk, and compriaea 91 1 benefices. 

 It is divided into the archdeaconries of Norwich, Suffolk, and Norfolk. 

 The chapter consista of the dean, 3 archdcicons, 4 canons, 14 honorary 

 canons, 6 minor canons, and a chancellor. The income of the bishoji 

 is fixed at 4600/. a year, 



NORWICH, U. S. [CoNKECTiooi.j 



NORWOOD. [SoBBET.] 



NOSSA 8ENH0RA DK DESTERRO. [Bbazil.] 



NOTLEY, BLACK. . [Essex.] 



NOTTINGHAM, the county town of Nottinghamshire, a co\iuly 

 in itself, a market-town, municipal and parliamentary borough, ami 

 the seat of a Poor-Law Union, is situated on thu left bank of the 

 river Lene, about a mile N. from the Trent, in 52'" 67' N. lat, 1° 8' 

 W. long., distant 124 miles N.W. by N. from Ijondon by road, and 

 ISO J miles by the North- Western and Midland railways viA Rugby. 

 The population of the borough iu 1851 was 57,407. 'The borough is 

 governed by 14 aldermen and 42 councillors, and returns two members 

 to the Imperial Parliament The livings are iu the archdeaconry of 

 Nottingham aud diocese of Lincoln. Nottingham I'oor-Law Union 

 contains the three parishes of the town, the area being 1870 acres. 



Nottingham was included in the kingdom of Meroia. It was taken 

 by the Danes, to whom it was confirnieil by the treaty between Alfred 

 and Quthrum about 880. William the Conqueror built a strong castlo 

 here. In the troubles of Stephen's reign the town was taken and 

 burnt by the partisans of the emproas Maud. In the troubles of the 

 reign of Richard I. the castle was an object of contest : in those of 

 the reign of John it was held throughout by the king. In 1380 

 Roger Mortimer, the favourite of Queen Isabella, was seized in 

 Nottingham Caatle. Charlea I. ast up bis standard at Nottingham in 

 August 1612; but the place came next year into the hands of the 

 Parliament, who garrisoned tha caatle, of which Colonel Hutchinson 

 (whom the ' }Ieoioirs ' of his lady have made so well known) was 

 governor. During the Protectorato the castle was dismantled ; and 

 after the Restoration the old building was replaced by tha present one, 

 which has nothing of a castle but the name. It waa built by the Duko 

 of Newcastle, into whoae pcaaeaaion the property had come by pur- 

 chase, and it now belongs to the preaent duke. 'The only lator occur- 

 ences of any importance have been the ' Luddito ' disturbances in 

 1811-12, and the riot arising out of the political excitement of 1831, 

 on which occasion the castle was burnt by the rioters. 



The town is built on a slope which commands an eztenaiva view of 

 the Vale of Trent The streets in the central and mora ancient parts 

 of the town are narrow aud crooked ; but considerable improvements 

 have taken place of lato years, and aeveral spacious streets of good 

 modem bouses have been built The market-place covers an area of 

 about £i acrea, and ia surrounded with lofty buildinga, under the first 

 floor of which a piasia is formed. A handsome line of street, 

 called Albrrt-.ttreet, leads from the market-placo to the railway 

 station. A large area, hitherto held as common ground, haa baeo 

 inclosed for building purposes. About 18 acres have bean formed into 

 an arboretum, and laid out and planted in an ornamental manner ; the 

 maigin of tha ground is to be occupied by terraces of handsome 

 housea. The arboretum waa opened May 11th 1852. 



There are aeveral bridges in the town over the arms of the Lene 

 or over tha Nottingham Canal ; and about a mile S. from th« town is 

 Trent Bridge, of 1 tf arches, over the Trent, a vei7 ancient structure. 

 Connacted with tliis bridge are a canaaway over the meadowa and an 

 embankment to protect the lower part of the town in the time of 

 floods. There are also railway bridges over the Trent, and a fine road 

 bridge over the railway, and some adjacent meadow land. The Trent 

 ia here about 200 feet wide. The environs of N. ' 're very 

 pleasant. Several caverns, or rooms, cut out of ■ > which 



Nottingham stands, have been convartad into cellars -.: ^ loomn. 



