﻿NOTTINOHAMSHrBE. 



NOTTINQHAMSHIRK. 



loss 



uid putiDg through Ijiat Uelfon] uud Wurksop, viieiic« it runs fint 

 ooTtb-wett into an aoglo of Yorluhim, nn<l then auuth-woit into Dorby- 

 thire, when it tcnnioates at Cbeaterfield. The Kre\r»iih Canal leavea 

 the Trent oppooitu the montli of the Soar, and riiiin up the valley of 

 the Rrcwash, partly in this county, to Langley liridgc, \rboro it ia 

 joined by Uie Cromford Canal. From I.4Uigley Bridge the Nottingbaui 

 Oanal mnii direct, but by a very circnitoiu route, to the Trent, south 

 of Nottingham. A cut which leaves this cnual at Nottingham joins 

 the Trent, 4 miles higher up. The Humber, into which the Trent 

 niaa, and the Trent and Meney Canal, which joina the Trent in 

 Derbyahire, just without the aouth-weatem boundary of this county, 

 open to Nottinghamahira the whole system of the internal navigation 

 of England. 



The principal coMh-roads are those through Newark, Ollerton, and 

 Worksop, into Yoricahire; the branch road from Newark, through 

 Tuxford, East Retford, and Bawtry ; and the road through Nottingham 

 and llanafiald into Derbyshire. 



The Derby, Nottingham, and Lincoln branch of the Midland Coun- 

 tiea railway has 80 miles of ita leugtli in this county, which it enters 

 near the Lou;; Eaton junction ; it pitsses through Nottingham, and 

 Kewark. A branch from this line leaves the Carlton station 3 miles 

 east fram Nottingham, and runs eastward across the county, through 

 Bingham to Grantham. The Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire 

 railway traverses the north of the county, passing through Worksop 

 and East lletlord, and on to Qainsborough and Oreat Grimsby, in 

 Lincolnshire ; from East Retford a branch from this line runs through 

 Cottam ond Tooksey to Lincoln. The southern branch of the Miil- 

 land Counties railway nms up the valley of the Soar from Leicester, 

 entering the couuty a little north of Loughborough, and joining the 

 Derby, Nottingham, and Lincoln branch at the Long Eaton junction. 

 From Nottingham a railway runs north to Mansfield, whence the 

 Uanafield and Pinxton railway runs to the Cromford Canal at Pinxton 

 Milk, near Alfreton in Derbyshire, with a branch to the Codnor Park 

 iron-works. It is joined by the Erewash Valley line, which ruus along 

 the weatam boundary of the county, to the greater lines just mentioned 

 at the liong Eaton junction. The Great Northern railway from 

 London to York croaaea this county, coming from Grantham, throup^h 

 Newark and East Retford, and parsing through Bawtry northwards. 

 Anotlier line, intended to join the North Midland, has b . en constructed 

 from Newark to SoutbwelL 



Climatt, Ai/rictUturt, Jkc — The climate of thi^ county is dry and 

 healthy, and upon some of the light Imds the harvest is as e.-u'ly as in 

 many oounties more to the south. The higli hills of Derbyshire 

 intercept tlie westerly winds, and cause the clouils to discharge their 

 moiaturo before they reach Nottinghamshire ; the heaviest rains are 

 when the wind comea from the east. 



The oounty may be divided into three districts with respect to soil. 

 In the first, sand and gravel prevail. This extends along the Vale of 

 Trent to the bordera of Lincolnshire, and to the north of Nottingham 

 along the ancient forest-land and border, in a strip of Inml about 30 

 milea long and from 7 to 10 miles broad. The next is the clay, which 

 Ilea between the Trent land and the last-mentioned strip, and in apart 

 of the sonthem extremity of the county towards Leicestershire. The 

 third district is that where limestone and coal are found. This lies 

 partly on the borders of Derbyshuv;, and partly on the south-cast 

 towards Leicestershire and Lincolnshire. 



This county, of which a great portion was once forest-land, con- 

 tains many fine parks and scats. The principal parks are those of 

 Clumber, Thoresby, Worksop, and Welbeck Abbey, south of tlie town 

 of Worksop ; those of Newstead Abbey and Anneslcy, Br)uth of Mans- 

 field ; and WolUston Hall, west of Nottingham. There are many 

 fertile spots ; but the land is iu general not above mediocrity, and 

 ■ome of it ia very poor. The farms are of moderate size, ond the 

 tanaata aro mostly at will. Improvements in agriculture ore very 

 generally followed. Turnipa are cultivated to a great extent; other 

 on>|is are wheat, beans, peas, oata, potatoes, &c. Along the river 

 Trent are some good meadows and pastures, in which bullocks 

 are grascd to advantage. The breeds which aro preferred are the 

 Hereford and the s)iort-hom for the best |iastures, and the small 

 Beota for inferior. There are not many dairiea, although some good 

 che e se is made. The dairies are chiefly along the Soar. The sheep 

 •re mostly of the I^eioeater breed. There are many hop plantations 

 ia the oouoty. In the neighbourhood of Newark, Nottingham, and 

 oUiar towns there are exoellent market gardens, the sandy soil being 

 Tery faTourable to the cultivation of roots and vegctablea. There are 

 •ooa good orchards on the heavier soils. 



The remains of the old forest-trees are still to be met with in parks, 

 where they have been pnsrrvcd as ornaments. A better system of 

 forset management haa bsen introdnoed of Ute years, and consider- 

 able attention is now paid to the growth of navy timber. Many new 

 wooda and pUnUtiona have been made in those parte of the forests 

 whidi have been gnoted to individuals or alUitted on indosures. Very 

 ntaoaive woods have been planted on the estates of the Dukes of 

 Neweaatle and Portland. 



DMsiOM, Town*, *e.— NottiDghamshiro ia divided into six wapen- 

 takes — Bassetlaw, north; Bingham, south-east; Broxtow, west; 

 Newark, east ; RusholiOe, souUi ; and Thurgnrton, central. Each 

 wapealaka ooosista of a uottb and south division, with the exception 



of Ba ssetlaw and Thurgarton, which have each three divisions. Besides 

 the divisions just enumerated, there is the county of the town of 

 Nottingham. 



The oounty town of NotTtHanjut ; the borouglis of Newark and 

 East Retford ; nnd the market-towns of BiKunAM, Makspiku), 

 SoDTnwKi.L, ami Worksop, are noticed under their respective heads. 

 The only other market-towns in the county are Ollerton and Tuxford. 



Ollerton, 19 miles N. by K from Nottingham, population of the 

 township 937, is situated on the Mann, and has a neat modern gothic 

 chnpel, a ohapel for Wesleyan Methodists, a National and a Free 

 school The market is held on Friday ; there is a hop-market every 

 Tuestlay in September, and a yearly cattle and sheep fair is held. The 

 village of A'llxcimtow, which is on the Maim, above Ollerton, is extremely 

 rural. The parish church of iilwinstow, a veniT.iblo gotiiic building, 

 with a lofty spire, haa been renewed and in part restored. At CUpatonc, 

 in the parish, are some ruins of a palace of King John. 



Tuxford, about 28 miles N.N.E. from Nottingham : population of 

 the pariah, 1211. The town was rebuilt after a great fire in 1702. 

 The church, which exhibits a mixture of various styles of r! ' • ' r.', 

 was repaired in 1814. There are chapels for Wesleyan Mi I 



ludepeuilenta, a Free school, and an Infant school. The m...- 11 



on Monday ; and there are two yearly fairs, one for live-stock, the 

 other for hops. • 



The following are the more important villoges, with the population 

 of the parishes in 1851, and a few other p.irticulara : — 



Arnold, population 4704, is 4 miles N. from Nottingham, on the 

 road to M.ausficld. The village extends nearly a mile iu length. The 

 iuhabitauta are chiefly frame-work knitters. Besides the paii.ih church, 

 an old building, there are chapels for Wesleyan and Primitive Method- 

 ists and Baptists, an Endowed Free school, and an Infant school. 

 Batford, population 10,093, is situated about 24 miles N.N.W. from 

 Nottingham, in the vale of the Lene. Besides the parish chui-ch, a 

 commodious structure with a handsome tower, there are chapoU for 

 M'esleyan, Primitive, and New Connexion Methodists and Baptists, 

 and National schools. The chief occupations are frame-work knitting, 

 lace-makin<r, and the manufacture of hosiery. Beedon, population 

 8016, is about 4 miles S.W. from Nottingham. The hosiery, silk, and 

 lace manufactures are the principal occupations. There is a caual from 

 the river Trent at Becston to Nottingham. There are hero a pari«h 

 church, opened in 1844, of which the sittings are all free ; ch.ipela for 

 Wesleyan and New Connexion Methodists and Baptists ; National and 

 Infant schools; and a library. Slidicorlh, population 1376, about 



6 miles S.E. from Mansfield, occupies high ground iu the ueighlour- 

 hood of Sherwood Forest. The parish church, of Norman date, was 

 repaired in 1839. The Wesleyan Methodists have a chapel, and there 

 are National and Infant schools. /%(%, population 39S2, about 



7 miles N.W. from East Retford, on the right bank of the river 

 Kyton, had once a market, which was removed to Bawtry, 4 miles 

 from Blyth, when the Great Northern mail-road was opeiiwl. The 

 church, which occupies an elevated site, is an embattled structure, 

 jiartly of Norman date. The Wesleyan Methodiata and Quakers havo 

 |)laces of worship, and there is a National school. Cattle-faint are held 

 on Holy Thurs<lay and on October 29th. Bridgrfunl-on-the-Ilill, or 

 Eiut Bi-idgeford, i>o|>ulatiou llS.'i, about 10 miles E.N.E. from Notting- 

 ham, on the right hanV of the Trent, has a commodious church, rebuilt 

 about 1780 ; chapels for Wesleyan and Primitive Motliodists ; and 

 National schools. Hero was the site of the Roman station Mai[;i<lu- 

 num. Malting and brick-making are carried ou. Gypsum is obtjiincd 

 in considerable quantity. Btdwdl, population 3786, about 4 miles 

 N.W. from Nottingham, in the valley of the Lone, hai an ancient 

 church witli a tower, chapels for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists 

 and Baptists, and a Grammar achooL Frame-work knitting and laco- 

 making employ gome of the inhabitants. Malting ond lime-burning 

 are carried ou. Calverlm, population 1427, about 7 miles N.N.E. 

 from Nottingham, is situated on the Dover Bock. It has a parish 

 church, chapels for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists an<l liaptisti, 

 and a Free sohooL Frame-work knitting is the chief occujiation. 

 The Rev. William Lea, inventor of the stocking-frome, was a native 

 of Calverton. Carlton, population of the township 2329, about 

 3 miles E. bv N. from Nottingham, has chapels for We«Icyan and 

 Association Methodists and Baptists, and on Infant kcI>i>i>I. The 

 manufacture of lace and hosiery aSurds employment Malting and 

 brick-making are carried on. Pamtfidd, population 1149, about 14 

 mUos N.N.E. from Nottingham, has a neat and respectable appear- 

 ance. The parish church is a plain stone building. There are a 

 chapel for Wesleyan Methodists, a |>arochial school, and a school aup- 

 IKirted by the Wesleyan Methodists. An annual feast and a fair, 

 chiefly for forest^heep, are bold at Michaelmas. Brick-making, rope- 

 making, and malting are carried on. Gotham, population 792, is 

 situated among the Leake Hills, near the border of the county. The 

 church is a good stone edifice with a square tower. The Wedeyan 

 and Primitive Methodists have chapels, and there aro National and 

 Infant schools supported by Earl Howe, who is lord of the manor. 

 Granhy, population fil6, near the Leicesterahire border, 44 miles S.t. 

 from Bingham, gives the title of Marqui>i to the Rutland family. The 

 church is an ancient and commodious structure with a square tower ; 

 there are a Wesloy.an chapel and au Eudowed school. Orcaacy, 

 impulation 6284, is 7 miles N.W. from Nottingluun. The church is 



