﻿1057 



NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 



NOTTINQHAMSHIRE. 



105S 



handaome and spacious, with a lofty embattled tower. The iuhabitants 

 are chiefly employed in the manufacture of hosiery, laec, and lace 

 machinery. The Nottingham Canal pa^es through the parish ; there 

 are several coal-wharfs on iU line. Huchiail Torkard, population 

 2970, about 7 miles N.N.W. from Nottingham, ia situated on a feeder 

 of the Leoe. Besides the parish church, there are chapels for Wes- 

 leyan, Primitive, and New Connexion Methodists and Baptists. The 

 population is chiefly engaged in frame-work knitting. Brick-making 

 and lime-burning are cin-ied on. Kimherley, population of the eccle- 

 siastical district 2392, about 6 miles N.W. from Nottingham, has a 

 church, a chapel of ease, chapels for Wealeyan and Primitive 

 Methodists, and an Infant school. In the neighbourhood are an 

 extensive corn-mill, collieries, and a brewery. Kirhhy, population 

 2363, about 5 miles S.W. from Mansfield, has a parish church, chapels 

 for Wealeyan Methodists and Baptists, and a Free school. The rivers 

 Erewash, Lene, and Maun rise in the neighbourhood of Kirkby. 

 There are several collieries, connected with which is the Mansfield 

 and Buxton tramway. Frame-work knitting is the chief occupation. 

 Eati Leake, population 1148, about 9 miles S.W. from Nottingham, 

 has an ancient church, chapels for Methodists and Baptists, and an 

 Endowed school. The inhabitants are chiefly stockingers. Three 

 statute fairs for hiring servants are held in the year. Lenton, popu- 

 lation 5539, about 2 miles W. from Nottingham, baa a handsome 

 gothic church, built of stone in 1842 ; chapels fur Wealeyan Methodist;, 

 Independents, and Baptists ; and National and Infant achools. Lace- 

 factories, chemical-works, tanneries, agricultural-implement works, and 

 machine- and starch-works employ many of the population. Two 

 cattle-faii-s are held, on Whit-Wedneaday and November lllh. A 

 priory of Clnniac monks formerly existed here. Mamfield Woodhouie, 

 population 1072, nearly 2 miles N. from Mansfield, is a neat village, 

 plaaaantly situated near the western border of the county. The 

 church, an early English edifice, has a tower surmounted with an 

 octagonal spire. There are chapels for Wesleyan and Primitive 

 Methodists and Independents, a Blue-Coat school, and National 

 schools. Roman remains have been found in the vicinity. Frame- 

 work knitting ia the chief employment. Malting and lime-burning 

 are carried on. ifutertop, population 1743, in the* north-eastern 

 comer of the county, on the north side of the Chesterfield Canal, 

 9 miles G. by N. from Bawtry. The parish church, rebuilt in part in 

 1848, has a tower surmounted with a spire. The Wesleyan and 

 Primitive Methodists have chapels, and there is an Endowed Free 

 school. Plaiting ia carried on. There is a considerable trade in cattle 

 and pigs. Radcliffe, or Radcliffe-on-Trent, population 1273, is about 

 miles E. from Nottingham, on the right bank of the river Trent. 

 The parish church, an old edifice, underwent thorough repair in 1829. 

 There are a chapel for Wesleyan Methodists, and a Free school. On 

 the Trent is a wharf for knding goods, and there is a good carrying- 

 trade on the river. Malting is extensively carried on. Several families 

 are employed in making skeen baskets. Iladford, population 12,637, 

 kbout a mile W. by N. from Nottingham, has a parish church, rebuilt 

 in 1812; a church for New Kadfonl district; chapels for Wesleyan, 

 Primitive, and New Connexion Methodists, Independents, and Baptists; 

 and National schools. Lace-moking and the stocking manufacture are 

 the chief occupations. There are several breweries, machine-making 

 eatabliahments, iron-foundries, and corn-mills. Sneinton, population 

 S440, 1 suburb of Nottingham, on the east side, contains many good 

 houiee, the residences of merchants and others connected with Notting- 

 ham. It has a recently-erect 'd cruciform church, in the early English 

 style, a chapel for Wesleyan Methodists, and National schools. The 

 occupations generally ore similar to those of the inhabitants of 

 NoTriHUBAU. Brick-fields, Roman-cement works, and chemical-works 

 are in the vicinity. Slapleford, population 1963, on the western border 

 of the county, 6 miles W. by S. from Nottingham ; the Erewash River 

 forma here the boundary. The Nottingham Canal passes a short 

 distance north of the village. Besides the church, which has a tower 

 anrmounted with a spire, there are chapels for Wesleyan and Primitive 

 Methodists; National and Infant schools, built and endowed by the 

 lata Lady Warren ; and a library. I^ce-making, particularly the 

 making of tatting lace, employs many of the inhabitants. At Staple- 

 ford are aome primeval remains. SiUton-in-Athfield, population 7692, 

 aboot 3 miles S.W. from Mansfield, ia situated on an eminence. The 

 church is a fine gothic structure, with a tower and a lofty octagonal 

 spire. The Baptiata, Independents, and Wesleyan and Primitive 

 Methodists have places of worship, and there is a National school. The 

 population ia chiefly employed in the manufacture of cotton-hosiery, 

 lace, and lace machinery. There is a pottery for coarse red ware. A 

 CTutomaiy market for provisions is held weekly, on Saturday. Several 

 bira and an annual feaat are held in the village. Sutlon-vjxm-Trent, 

 popalation 1262, about 8 milea N. from Newark, on the left bank of 

 the Trent, haa a handsome gothic church; chapela for Wesleyan 

 Methodiats, Baptiata, and Independents ; National schools partly 

 endowed ; and a Wealeyan schooL Malting is carried on, and there 

 •re severikl com-milla, a seed and bone-crushing mill, and patent oil- 

 cake works. Sullon Bonnington, population 1220, about 10 milea 

 8.W. by B. from Nottingham, near the right bank of the Soar, which 

 here aeporates the cotmty from Leicestershire, has a neat church with 

 a lofty spire, and another church of amoll aize, chapels for Wesleyan 

 and Primitive Uethodiata and Baptiata, a Kationol and an Endowed 

 oKoo. onr. tol, la 



school. Frame-work knitting is the principal occupation. Warsap, 

 population 1398, about 44 miles N. by E. from Mansfield, formerly 

 had a market. Two annual fairs are held. Rope-making and malting 

 are carried on to a small extent. There are some corn-mills. The 

 church is ancient ; there are chapela for Wesleyan Methodists and 

 Baptists, and a Parochial school. 



Ecclesiastical and Legal Divisions, Ac. — The county forma the arch- 

 deaconry of Nottingham ; it was formerly included in the diocese of 

 York, but now forms part of the see of Lincoln. It is ia the midland 

 circuit. The assizes are held at Nottingham ; quarter-sessions at Not- 

 tingham, Newark, and East Retford ; county courts at Bingham, East 

 Retford, Mansfield, Newark, Nottingham, and Worksop. The county 

 jail ia at Nottingham ; the county house of coiTeotion at Southwell. 

 The county returns four members to Parliament ; two for the northern 

 and two for the southern division. Nottingham and Newark return 

 two members each. 



Uistort/, AnliquUies, Ac. — In the division of Britain by the Romans 

 this county was included in the province of Flavia Caisarieusis. The 

 Roman stations Ad Pontem, Margidunum, and Verometum, were in 

 the county. Of the Roman roads which connected these atatioua thero 

 are several traces. The Fosse Way may be traced from Verometum 

 for several miles in the direction of Newark. Many Roman remains 

 have been discovered in the neighbourhood of Newark, Mansfield 

 Woodhouse, and in other parts of the county. 



In the Saxon period it is likely that Nottinghamshire was possessed 

 at first by the Northumbrian Angles. When the Mercians became 

 independent of the kingdom of Northumbria (a.d. 626), this county 

 appears to have been included in their dominion : it was divided 

 between the northern and southern Mercians, who were separated 

 from each other by the Trent. When the Danes, under the sona of 

 Regnar Lodbrog, invaded England, they passed the winter (867-863) 

 at Nottingliam, which they had taken, and which became a Danish 

 burgh. By the treaty with Alfred (878 or 880) they obtained posses- 

 sion of that part of Mercia which was north-east of Watlin;;-street, 

 including Nottinghamshire. After the Conquest, the greater part of 

 the county, together with the castle of Nottingham, was bestowed by 

 the Conqueror on his natural son, William Peverel. The principal 

 events that took place in the county from the Conquest to the great 

 civil war were — the capture of Nottingham Castle and town by the 

 troops of the empress Maud ; the death of king John at Newark, 

 October 17th, 1216 ; the arrest of Mortimer in Nottingham Castle by 

 Edward III. ; and the defeat and capture of Lambert Simnel in 1487 

 by the royal army under Henry VII. at East Stoke, on the right bank 

 of the Trent, 4 milea S.W. from Newark. 



At the commencement of the civil war Charles I. sot up his standard 

 at Nottingham with great ceremony (1612). Shortly after this Not- 

 tingham came into the hands of the Parliament, and continued so to 

 the end of the war. Newark, which was held by a body of Royalists 

 under the command of Sir John Henderson, was besieged (1644) by a 

 body of Parliamentary forces under Sir John Meldrum and Lord 

 Willoughby of Parham, but waa relieved by Prince Rupert, who drove 

 part of the besieging forces over the Trent, and compelkd another 

 portion to capitulate, with aU their .artillery and ammunition. In the 

 winter of 1644-45 it was again unsuccessfully besieged by the Parlia- 

 mentarians. In May 1646 the king surrendered himself at Southwell 

 to the Scotch commissioners, by whom ho waa conducted to the 

 quarters of the Scotch troops then besieging Newark. The day after 

 his arrival Newark waa delivered up by lua ordera. 



Of architectural antiquities Nottinghamshire is somewhat bare, and 

 its ecclesiastical buildings are, with two or three exceptions, such as 

 St. Mary's church at Nottingham and Southwell Collegiate church 

 [NoTTiNQHAM ; Southwell], by no means remarkable for splendour. 

 Balderton, Hovringham, and Mansfield churches have some Norman 

 portions ; Newark church has some alight Norman remains ; the 

 churches of Bingham, Coddington, Hawton near Newark, and Upton 

 St. Peter near Southwell, have considerable portions of early English : 

 Hawton is especially worthy of examination. Of the monastic ruius 

 the moat beautiful is Newstead Abbey, founded for Augustiniau canons 

 by Henry II. about 1170. The chief part of the abbey buildings were 

 fitted up as a residence by Sir John Byron, to whom they were granted, 

 but the chapel was allowed to go to decay. Its front ia an exceedingly 

 beautiful specimen of early English. Of Rufford Abbey, near OUerton, 

 there are some remains incorporated in a large mansion of later date, 

 which retains the original designation. It waa a Cistercian abbey, 

 founded by Gilbert, carl of Lincoln, in 1148. Of Welbeck Abbey 

 some slight remains are incorporated in the mansion of the Duke of 

 Portland. Part of the cloisters, and some other portions of Mattersey 

 Gilbertine Priory, near the Idle, yet remain. There are also some 

 remains of Thurgarton Priory for Austin conous. At Newark is an 

 ancient castle. 



Utatiiiici : Religious Worship and Education. — According to the 

 Returns of the Census in 1851, it appears that there were then in 

 the county 630 places of worship, of which 273 belonged to 6 sections 

 of Methodiats, 248 to the Established Church, 64 to Baptists, 21 to 

 Independents, 11 to Mormons, 5 to Roman Catholics, 3 to Quakers, 2 

 to Unitarians, and 1 each to Irvingites, Swedenborgiana, and Jews. 

 The total number of sittings provided was 161,742. Thero were 428 

 Sunday schooU with 43,938 scholars ; of these, 183 schools with 17,785 



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