﻿lOTT 



OHIO. 



DISK 



1078 



at«te«, while it htm by the lake considerable commerce with Canada. 

 The greater part of the city occupies a dry and healthy site. The 

 streets arc wide, and the houses generally well built. Besides the 

 conrt-hotise, there are numerous churches and schools, a lyceum, three 

 music-halls, 4c. The harbour, which is one of the best in the West, 

 has been improved by the carrying out of a pier on each side 425 

 yards into the lake, with a lighthouse at the head of each. There are 

 extensive factories of locomotives, machinery, &c. ; also flour-mills, 

 Ac. Ship-building is carried on to some extent. Okio City, on the 

 opposite bank of the Cuyahoga, population (including Brooklyn) 6375, 

 though under a distinct incorporation, is really a suburb of Cleveland. 

 The two places are connected by bridges. 



Dayton, a city, and the capital of Montgomery county, on the 

 Miami Canal, at the confluence of the Mad River, 66 miles W.S.W. 

 from Columbus : population, 10,977. The city is regularly laid out, 

 and neat in appearance. The court-house, which is built of white 

 marble, is 127 feet long by 62 feet wide, and is described as in " style 

 of architecture that of the Parthenon, with slight improvements." 

 There are several churches and schools, a popular college, a literary 

 ■wociation, three banks, two large market-houses, &o. Dayton possesses 

 a vast amount of water-power, and is the principal manufacturing town 

 in these parts. There are very extensive manufactories of railway-cars, 

 stoves, hardware, paper, flour, linse«d-oil, oilcake, &c. The town is 

 also a very important centre of canal and railway traflSc 



Akron, at the junction of the Ohio and Pennsylvania and the Ohio 

 and Erie canals, 125 miles N.E. from Columbus, population 8266, is 

 a place of considerable trade, and has good railway accommodation. 

 Canton, on the Ohio and Pennsylvania railway, 106 miles N.E. by E. 

 from Columbus, population 2603, is one of the rising towns of the 

 state. Chillicothe, on the right bank of the Scioto, 40 miles S. by E. 

 fhmi Columbus, population 7100, is a large and well-built place ; 

 contains a court-house, several churches, schools, market-houses, and 

 other public buildings ; holds a high rank as a commercial and manu- 

 facturing town ; and possesses ample railway and canal communica- 

 tion. CirclniBe occupies the site of some ancient fortifications on 

 the left bank of the Scioto, 28 miles S. by E. from Columbus : popu- 

 lation, 8411. The town is laid out with great regularity; contains 

 ■erersl good public buildings, and is rapidly growing in importance 

 as n commercial and manufacturing village. Hamittm, on the left 

 bank of the Miami River, 90 miles W.S.W. from Columbus, population 

 8210, is a leading centre of trade and commerce for tbe south western 

 part of the state. The Miami Canal passes through the town, and 

 several railways connect here. Lancaster, on the Hocking River and 

 Canal, 27 miles S.E. from Columbus, population 3483, is a place of 

 considerable trade, and has large flour-mills, machiue-shops, &c. 

 MantfiM, on the Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark railway, 67 miles 

 N. by E. ■ from Columbus, is a busy town of 3557 inhabitants. 

 Marietta, between the Great and Little Muskingum rivers, at their con- 

 fluence with the Ohio, about 100 miles 8.E. from Columbus, population 

 8175, is the oldest town iu the state, having been founded in 1788. It 

 is regularly laid out, contains the usual county buildings, churches, 

 and schools, Marietta college (which has 8 professors and 68 students), 

 poMessea extensive iron-foundries, steam saw-mills, flour-mills, &c., and 

 hat r^lar communication by steam-boats with Cincinnati, Pittsburg, 

 ftc. Matrilon, on the left bank of the Tuscarawas River, and on the 

 Ohio Canal, 95 miles N.E. by E. from Columbus, population about 

 8500, is the capital of a rich agricnltaral district, and is locally known 

 as ' the Wheat City,' from the great amount of business done in that 

 grain. The town is pleasantly sitimted, well-built, contains several 

 excellent public buildings, carries on a large trade, has considerable 

 manofacturcs, abundant railway and can.il accomodation, and is rapidly 

 rising to be one of the leading towns of the interior. Wetf Matmlon, 

 on the opposite side of the river, is partaking of its prosperity. Newark, 

 at the junction of the upper branches of the Licking River, 38 miles 

 E. by N. from Columbus, population 8654, is well situated for trade, 

 being on the Ohio and Erie Canal, and the Central Ohio railway. 

 Piquet, f)n the right bank of the Miami River and on the Miami Canal, 

 68 milps W. by N. from Columbus, population 3277, has considerable 

 comracrc?, manufactures, and trade. Porttnouth, on the left bank of 

 the Scioto, at its confluence with the Ohio, and at the southern termi- 

 nation of the Ohio and Erie Canal ; 85 miles S. by E. from Columbus : 

 population 4011. The town is regularly laid out, contains some 

 nandwnne public buildings, and carries on a good trade. Coal and iron 

 mines and stone quarries are worked in the vicinity. Sandusky City, 

 a city and port of entry on the south side of S.nndusky Bay, 3 miles 

 from Lake Erie : population, 5087. The city is regularly laid out, and 

 contains nevenil handsome buildings. Sandttsky is one of the chief 

 hke ports. The wharfs and ship-yards are extensive and commodious, 

 and their appearance, except during a short portion of winter, betokens 

 an active commerce. The imports of Sandusky city in 1852 amounted 

 to 40,896,085 dollars ; the exports to 18,789,814 dollars. There are 

 extensive manufactories of locomotives, &o. Springfield, on the left 

 bank of the east- fork of Mad River, 45 miles W. by S. from Columbus, 

 population 5103, is an important railway centre, and carries on exten- 

 sive manufactures. Wittenberg college and theological seminary is 

 Mtuatorl here. Steubenville, on the Ohio, 125 mUes E.N.E from 

 CoInm>iii', population 6140, stands on rising ground, is regularly laid 

 oQt, well-built, contains several good publio boildings, and tuw exten- 



sive woollen and cotton factories, machine-shops, iron- and 

 foundries, copperas-works, rope-walks, boat-building yards, glass-works, 

 &C., and is fui-nir-hed with ample railway facilities. Toledo, a city and 

 port of eutry, ou the right bank of the Maumee, 5 miles above its 

 opening into Maumee Bay, Lake Erie : population, 3829. Toledo was 

 founded in 1831 and is rapidly growing into importance owing to its 

 convenient situation in couneotion with Lake Erie, the northern 

 termination of the Wabash and Erie Canal, and the several lines of 

 railway which now unite here. The imports at Toledo in 1852 

 amounted to 37,665,029 dollars; the expoiia to 19,738,923 dollars. 

 Very large quantities of railway iron, grain, flour, and pork, with 

 lard, &c., are brought here from the interior for exportation. Xenia, 

 48 miles W.S.W. from Columbus, population 3024, is a place of con- 

 siderable trade, and the centre of an extensive railway traffic. Zanes- 

 ville, on the left bank of the Muskingum, 50 miles E. from Columbus : 

 population, 7929. The town is well-built, lighted with gas, and well 

 supplied vrith water. It contains the county buildings, 1 4 churches, 

 an athenteum, primary and high schools, &c. There is a great amount 

 of water-power, which has been rendered largely available for manu- 

 facturing purposes, and bituminous coal is obtained in abundance in 

 the vicinity. There is also ample canal and railway accommodation, 

 and Zanesville is rapidly becoming one of the leading towns of the 

 state. It is imited by bridges with South Zanesville, West Zanes- 

 ville, and Putnam, which are closely coimected with it in business 

 arrangements. 



Government, Sittory, ic. — The present constitution was framed and 

 adopted in 1861. By it the right of voting is vested in every white 

 male citiien of the United States, 21 years of age, who has resided in 

 the state for one year. All elections are by ballot. The legislature, 

 styled the General Assembly, is elected for two years, and consists of 

 a Senate of 38 members, and a House of Representatives of 100 

 members. The governor is also elected for two years. The judges 

 are elected by the people for 5 years. The revenue for the year 

 ending November 15, 1853, was 2,865,907 dollars ; the expenditure was 

 2,696,118 dollars. The debt of the state January 1, 1854, was 17,166,428 

 dollars. Great attention is paid to education in the state ; there being 

 Bsveral college?, and numerous academies and upper schools, while 

 the constitution provides that " there shall be a thorough and efficient 

 system of common schools established throughout the state." 



This country was first visited by the French from Canada in the 

 17th century, by the route of the lakes of Ontario and Erie, but no 

 settlements were formed until the following century, when the British 

 from Pennsylvania and Virginia began to occupy the country. The 

 French tried to prevent this by establishing small forts from Presqu'ilo 

 on Lake Erie to the Ohio along the channel of the Alleghany Kiver. 

 This however was considered by the British government as an encroach- 

 ment, and it led to the war of 1755, by which the French lost Canada 

 and were expelled from North America. Some settlements which 

 wore attempted after that time were destroyed by the Indian tribes 

 then in possession of the country. Ohio was comprehended in the 

 cession made by Virginia in the year 1787, after which the country, 

 including the states of Michigan, Indiana, and Illinois, was formed into 

 a territory. The first permanent settlement in Ohio was formed at 

 Marietta about 1788, but its progress, as well as that of some othera 

 farther west, was slow, until the Indians, in 1795, ceded a great portion 

 of country to the general govemihent by the treaty of GreviUe. The 

 population now increased rapidly, and in 1803 Ohio was admitted 

 into the Union as a sovereign state. 



(Statiilical Qaxetteer of the United States; Seventh Centui of the 

 United States; Official Report; American Almanac, 1855; Mather, 

 Geological Sitrrey of the Slate of Ohio ; Maroou, Geological Map of the 

 United States, &c.) 



0I8E, a department in the north of France, lying between 49° 4' 

 and 49° 46' N. lat., 1° 42' and 8' 8' E. long., is bounded N. by the 

 department of Somme, E. by that of Aisne, S. by Seine-et-Marue and 

 Siene-et-Oise, and W. by Eure and Seine-Inf^rieure. Its form approxi- 

 mates to that of a parallelogram, measuring about 65 miles from east to 

 west, and 40 miles from north to south. The area of the department 

 is 2260 square miles. The population in 1841 was 398,868; in 1851 

 it amounted to 403,857, which gives 178-G8 inhabitants to a square 

 mile, being 4'07 above the average population fdr the whole of France. 



The department is formed out of part of the old province of llede- 

 France, and a small portion of Picardie. It lies almost entirely in the 

 basin of the Oise, which has a general inclination to the south-west, with 

 tho exception of a nan-ow zone along the northern boundary, which 

 slopes northward towards tho Somme. A broken hilly country, which 

 forma the western part of the arrondissement of Beauvais, and separates 

 the valley of the Thdrain from the Norman district of Bray, is drained 

 by the Epte, a feeder of the Eure. A small portion of the south-east 

 of tho department is traversed by the Ourcq. The general surface 

 presents extensive plains, with here and there masses of isolated hills. 

 Along tho left bank of tho Oise there is a chain of hills ; and another 

 runs close along the northern boundary, forming part of the watershed 

 between the basins of the Somme and the Seine. 



Tho department is named from its chief river — the Oise, the ancient 

 Isara, which rises m the forest of Thierache, near Chimay, in tho 

 Belgian province of Hainault, within 3 miles of the French frontier. 

 Having entergd France, its general course is south-west acrow the 



