4G 



BOTANY FOR BEGINNERS. 



| Ch. VIL 



and rose are woody plants, the lily and pink are herbaceous. 

 Woody plants are divided into trees which have large stems 

 called trunks and grow to a great height, and shrubs whose 

 stems are smaller and which never grow very high. 



145. The use of the st^m is to support the branches, leaves., 

 and flowers, and to convey to them, by means of certain tubes, 

 such substances as the root absorbs from the earth. The stem 

 also conveys back to the root, by means of another set of tubes, 

 certain juices which have passed through changes in the leaves 

 If you water a plant with coloured liquid, the stem will in time 

 show that it has ascended into it. 



146. The caulis* or proper seem, is seen in 

 forest trees, in shrubs, and in most annual 

 plants. The caulis is either simple, as in the 

 white lily ; or branching, as in the geranium ; 

 the branching, is the more common form. You 

 have here, Fig. 19, the representation of a cau- 

 lis ^ or proper stem, (a) , a peduncle, or fiowei 

 stalk, (b) ; and a vetiole, or leaf stalk, (c). 

 Plants with the real stem, or caulis, are called 

 cauline plants. 



147. Geologists, by examining rocks, and 

 the petrifactions they contain, have found that 

 cauline plants were not created until after such 

 as k*~ <*,ulms or stipes. 



* From the Greek kaulo$, a stem. 



145. What is the use of the stem 7 



146. Describe the caulis or proper stem. 



147. What have geologists discovered with respect to the ordT ctf 

 creation of plants 7 



