Catarrhal Pharyngitis. 49 



lesions, the astringent and antiseptic lotions advised for tonsilitis 

 will be in order, and if abscess is recognized it should be opened 

 promptly. 



CLEFT PALATE. 



In exceptional cases the soft palate has failed to unite in the 

 median line, and is represented by two lateral flaps separated by 

 a V-shaped hiatus in the middle. In a specimen in the 

 N. Y. S. V. College, taken from a trotting colt, the fissure is 

 continued forward for several inches between the palatine bones 

 and the palatine processes of the superior maxillary, establishing 

 a direct comnnniication between the mouth and nasal chambers. 

 In still other instances the fissure is continued forward between 

 the maxillary and anterior maxillary bones, throwing the whole 

 length of the buccal and nasal chambers into one irregular cavit}^ 

 and forming harelip. 



It would be possible to remedy some of these conditions by 

 plastic operation, but the value of the young animal will rarely 

 warrant anv such resort. 



CATARRHAL PHARYNGITIS. 



Causes : traumatic ; thermic ; gaseous ; medicinal ; chemical ; physi- 

 ological irritants ; in solipeds, cattle, swine, dogs ; debility ; exposure ; 

 cold baths ; youth ; age. Microbes in solipeds, cattle, dogs, birds ; faculta- 

 tive microbes. Symptoms : constitutional ; difficult swallowing ; nasal re- 

 jection of water ; pharyngeal swelling and tenderness ; extended head car- 

 ried stiffly ; cough loose ; salivation ; in cattle, grinding of teeth ; in dogs, 

 rubbing of chops ; buccal heat and redness ; often foetor. Course. Dura- 

 tion. Diagnosis from parotitis, from abscess of guttural pouch, from 

 pharyngeal tuberculosis, from actinomj^cosis, from adenitis and phlegmonous 

 pharyngitis, from specific fevers affecting the pharynx. Lesions : redness 

 and swelling of mucosa, epithelial degeneration, elevations, erosions, and 

 ulcers ; lesions of tubercle, glanders, rabies, anthrax, actinomycosis, etc. 

 Prevention. Treatment : soothing ; dietetic ; laxative ; expectorant ; 

 eliminating ; locally antiseptic astringents in solid, liquid, or vapor ; em- 

 brocations and blisters ; tonics. 



