Infective Gastro Enteritis in Calves, Lambs and Foals. 147 



to 90 per cent., and for lambs at 66 per cent. In 500 lambs 

 Beresow fonnd 300 attacked and 200 died. Kule.scho\v sets the 

 losses at 30 to 40 per cent, of the lambs, and Cadeac advises that 

 even the survivors should be fitted for the butcher as they are 

 unfit for reproduction. 



Lesions. In foals these are mainly confined to the intestines 

 which show a more or less extended area of redness and conges- 

 tion with catarrhal or pseudomembraneous exudate on the 

 mucosa, and the submucous connective tissue is infiltrated 

 softened and marked by intense punctiform redness. The 

 epithelium is swollen, opaque and easily detatched, and Peyers 

 patches infiltrated and prominent. The blood in the intestinal 

 vessels is incoagulable. Exudation into the peritoneum and 

 softening of the liver are not infrequent. 



In calves the lesions are ver}^ similar, but the 4th stomach 

 is usualh' implicated, the congestion and epithelial desquamation 

 being mo.st marked in the pyloric region. The contents of the 

 intestines are mucopurulent, grayish, yellowish or red, and in- 

 tensely foetid. The follicles of the small intestine are red and 

 projecting with an areola of congestion. Softening and even 

 necrotic centers are found in the liver and kidneys and the 

 mesenteric glands are swollen, red and softened. 



In lambs the lesions are nearly th.i same in the 4th .stomach, 

 intestine, lymph glands, liver and kidneys. There is usually 

 marked emaciation and the spleen and nerve centres are anaemic. 



Prevention. The fir.st consideration is to avoid the various 

 cau.ses which have been enumerated. Give the young the warm 

 milk of its dam or of a nurse of the same species and at the same 

 time after parturition. If it is necessar}' to give older milk to 

 the new born don't fail to clear out the bowels by a tablespoonful 

 or two of castor oil (foal, calf,) or two teaspoonfuls (lamb), or 

 to add manna or linseed decoction to the milk. Protect 

 both nur.se and nursling against cold storms, overheating, over- 

 work, excitement, and sudden changes of diet, (dry to green, etc.). 

 If the nurse has been overheated or overexcited draw off the fir.st 

 milk by hand and let the nursling have only that which is se- 

 creted later. Avoid the milk of disea.sed and especially fevered 

 animals. If the milk of one nurse disagrees, correct any obvious 

 cause in the food or general management, and if none can be 



