CHRONIC CATARRHAL ENTERITIS IN vSOEIPEDS. 



Causes : As in acute : troubles of circulation, heart, lungs, verminous 

 embolism, parasitism, skin disease. Lesions : thickening of mucosa, pig- 

 mentation, rigidity, hypertrophy of villi, follicles and glands, ulceration, 

 polypi. Symptoms : impaired appetite, buccal fcetor, retracted flank, 

 unthrifty skin, pallid mucosae, colics, tympanies, rumblings, irregidar 

 bowels, emaciation, perspiration, fatigue. Treatment : dietetic, tonic, 

 bitters, salines, aromatics, enemata, bisnnith, laudanum, calomel and chalk, 

 iron, astringents, counter-irritants, electricity, sunshine. 



Causes. Tliis may occur from a continuance of the same causes 

 as in the acute, or from an imperfect recovery frcjm the acute form. 

 It may result from trotibles in the circulation, as valvular disease 

 of the heart, or emphysema of the lungs, whicli f(^rces the blood 

 back on the venous system, including the liver and portal vein. 

 Or the lesions that come from verminous emb(jlism may leave 

 such alteration in the intestinal walls as entail chronic congestion 

 of the mucosa, or intestinal parasites may be the cause. Severe 

 and inveterate skin diseases appear to affect the intestinal mucosa 

 by sympathy, just as diseases of that mticosa usually entail skin 

 diseases. 



Lesions. Attenuation of the coats of the small intestine and 

 thickening of the mucosa of the large have been noticed. The 

 mucosa is darkly pigmented and covered with excess of mucus. 

 The thickening of the mucosa may extend into the sub-mucous 

 tissue, giving a firm leathery feeling to the part, and entailing a 

 lo.ss of elasticity. The villi are hypertrophied and the follicles of 

 lyieberkuhn and Peyers' patches may be congested, ulcerated or 

 otherwise altered. Polypoid growths are not uncommon on the 

 muco.sa, and the mesenteric glands are enlarged and pigmented. 



Symptoms are by no means verj' definite. Disturbance of the 

 digestive functions, capricious or impaired appetite, drj' foetid 

 mouth, tucked up abdomen, dry hair and skin, pallor of the 

 visible mucoits membranes, slight intermittent colics and tympanies, 

 lotid rumblings in the bowels, and relaxed bowels, or alternate 

 costiveness ancl diarrhoea, with some tenderness on manipulation 

 of the abdomen are the usual symptoms. The animal loses flesh, 

 has dry, unthrifty coat, and sweats and is easily exhausted at 

 work. 



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