4 1 6 Veterinary Medicine. 



than when generated in tissues or blood, or when injected hypo- 

 dermically. Another interesting fact in connection with the 

 ingestion of these bacteridian products (ptomaines and albumoses) 

 is that, when the liver functions are normal as evidenced by the 

 production of glycogen, the toxins are largely destroyed, and 

 they fail to produce poisoning, whereas with a functionally de- 

 ranged liver and no production of glycogen, they retain their 

 potency, almost as if injected subcutem. 



FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS OF THE LIVER. 



MELLITURIA, GI.YCOSURIA, DIABETES MEI.LITUS, SACCHARINE 



URINE. 



Source of glucose in food. Glycogen : Its use : Enlarged liver means 

 more glycogen. Glycosuric centre in medulla. Other glycosuric nerve 

 centres. Reflex action, action of drugs and poisons, phlorizin. Disease of 

 lungs or pancreas. Removal of pancreas in dogs. Removal of thyroid. 

 Diseased, liver, fatty, fibroid, hypertrophy, congestion. Extreme fatty 

 change arrests glycogensis. In solipeds : 3 cases with liver hypertrophy ; 

 I case with adenitis ; 6 cases with emaciation ; 2 cases with hsemoglobinuria. 

 Symptoms : Emaciation, debility, langor, fatigue, breathlessness, hollow 

 flanks, unthrifty skin, ardent thirst, polyuria, urine saccharine, of high 

 density. Diagnosis by analysis of urine, sweet taste, Fehling's test, Trom- 

 mer's test, fermentation test. Prognosis : Grave, diet being carbonaceous, 

 when functional resulting from curable disease is hopeful. Treatment : In 

 poisoning cases, antidotes and eliminants, in curable disorders treat these, in 

 more inveterate cholagogues, antiseptics, codeine, opium, croton chloral, 

 strychnia, phosphoric acid, iodoform, ergot, skim milk or buttermilk, good 

 hygiene, open air, shelter, carminatives, bitters, mineral acids, treat com- 

 plications. 



Grape sugar (glucose, C^Hj^Og) is undoubtedly formed in the 

 sto.nach and intestines b}' the action of saliva and pancreatic 

 juice on starch (CgHjgO-), and glucose and Igevulose (CgH,.^Og) 

 are also derived from the transformation of cancsugar (CjjHuOu). 

 These sugars are absorbed, transformed into glycogen in the liver 

 and passed into the circulation, where they serve to maintain 

 animal heat through their decomposition into carbonic acid and 

 water. They further assist in nutrition and growth, and if their 



