SECONDARY OR REMOTE RESULTS OF EIVER 

 DISEASE. 



Ill goul : Arrest of oxidation of proteids into urea. Deposits of biurateof 

 lime on joints, and other disorders. Urinary calculi containing urates, 

 cystine, zanthine, etc., also from imperfect oxidation of albuminoids. 

 Oxalic acid represents a similar arrest. Kidney degenerations from irritat- 

 ing urates and oxalates. Fatty kidney from excessive glycogenesis. 

 Digestive disorders from excess or defficiency of bile or torpid liver. Ner- 

 vous disorders, dullness, lameness, vertigo, spasms, irritability from hepatic 

 inactivity and resulting poisons. Sore throat and bronchitis from hepatic 

 derangement. Skin eruptions in tardy or imperfect action of the liver. 

 Treatment : Abundant water, succulent vegetables, ensilage, fresh grains, 

 balanced ration, in carnivora and omnivora oat meal, buttermilk, clear 

 meat juice, avoid sweets, gravies, spiced animal food. Dangers for pampered 

 horses, dogs, and old improved meat producing animals. Open air exercise. 

 Laxatives with alkalies, salines, mercurous and mercuric chloride, pilocarpin, 

 chlorides, iodides, bromides, nitro-muriatic acid, ipecacuan, euonymous, 

 bitters. 



Among the many secondary re.sults of hepatic disorder, and 

 which are liabitually described as affections of other organs a few 

 may be mentioned as indicating the wide range of influence 

 exercised by the Hver in di.sea.se as well as in health. 



Gout as it appears in fowls and omnivora is directly due to the 

 arrest of the transformation of the albuminoids into urea. Cir- 

 culating in the system in the form of the less perfectly, oxidized 

 and less soluble uric acid, it determines deposits of biurateof lime 

 around the joints, with local inflammations, and di.sorders of 

 circulation and innervation, and altered spirit, temper, etc. 



Urinary calculi in the same animals, are composed largelj' of 

 urate of lime, cystine, xanthine and other nitrogenous products 

 representing various stages of oxidation short of the final transi- 

 tion into urea and ammonia. Recognizing the active role which 

 the miliary bacteria fill in tliis respect we must still acknowledge 

 the great importance, as causative agents, of an excess in the 

 urine of these comparatively insoluble products. 



The oxalic acid found in certain calculi points in the same 

 direction, as this acid, both in the body and in the laboratory, is 

 found to result from the oxidation of uric acid (Wohler, Schenck, 

 Hutchinson). 

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