458 Veterinary Mediciyie. 



them of the coloring matters of bile. The condition is a symp- 

 tom of many different affections rather than a disease/*^;' se, yet 

 the phenomenon is so characteristic that it has been hitherto 

 accorded a special place and article in systematic works. 



Jaundice is either associated with mechanical obstruction of the 

 bile duct or ducts, or it is independent of such obstruction. The 

 following enumeration of its causes slightly modified from Mur- 

 chison, is equally applicable to the lower animals as to man : 



A. Jaundice From Mechanical Obstruction of the Bile 



Duct. 



/. Obstruction by foreign bodies ivitliin the duct : 



1. Gall stones and inspissated bile. 



2. Hydatids and distomata. 



3. Foreign bodies from the intestines. 



//. Obstruction by inflammatory tuniefaciion of the duodenum 



or of the lining membrane of the bile duct icith exudation i)ito its 

 iyiterior. 



III. Obst) uction by stricture or obliteration of the duct. 



1. Congenital deficiency of the duct. 



2. Stricture from perihepatitis. 



3. Closure of the orifice of the duct in consequence of ulcer 



of the duodenum. 



4. Stricture from cicatrization of ulcers in the bile duct. 



5. Spasmodic stricture. 



IV. Obstruction by tumors closing the orifice of the duct or grow- 

 ing in its interior. 



V. Obstruction by pressure on the duct from within, by ; 



1. Tumors projecting from the liver itself. 



2. Enlarged glands in the fissure of the liver. 



3. Tumor of the stomach. 



4. Tumor of the pancreas. 



5. Tumor of the kidney. 



6. Post peritoneal or omental tumor. 



7. An abdominal aneurism. 



S. Accumulation of faeces in the bowels. 



g. A pregnant uterus. 



10. Ovarian and uterine tumors. 



