Catarrhal Icterus (yjaiindice) in Dogs. 471 



usually blocked with a plug of tenacious mucus, the gall bladder 

 having been unable to expel this and the inspissated bile into the 

 intestine. The liver is slightl}- enlarged, yellowish, with patches 

 of brownish yellow more or less deep, and the acini contain an 

 abundance of oily globules, and yellowish brown granules. The 

 acini have no clear line of delimitation, and the contained hepatic 

 cells are shrunken and distorted, standing apart from each other 

 in a dropsical or watery medium. 



The kidneys are congested and ecchymosed ; the cortical sub- 

 stance brown, friable, and with numerous areas of necro.sis of a 

 bluish white color, and even abscesses. The medullary sub.stance 

 is yellow and the uriniferous tubes contain an abundance of yel- 

 lowi.sh brown granules. 



The lungs have a yellowish red color, with patches of ecchy- 

 mosis. 



The lymph glands generally are congested and many of them 

 gorged with blood, of a dark red color, and lacking inconsistency 

 and cohesion. 



Diagnosis. The characteristic icterus is lacking in the early 

 .stages, and active treatment gives good hope of .success. 

 When indigestion, persistent vomiting and tenderness of the 

 epigastrium, and right hypochondrium, are associated with 

 diarrhoea, it is highly important to examine the urine for even 

 slight traces of bile. When the jaundice is due to impaction of 

 a biliary calculus, the symptoms may increase slowh', and yet 

 reach a sudden climax with acute colicy pains and tenderness of 

 the right hypochondrium. 



Prognosis. In acute rapidly developing cases a fatal issue is 

 to be expected. In tho.se which develop more slowly, recovery 

 may be hoped fur if early treatment is in.stituted. 



Treatment. Cases due to biliary calculus must be treated for 

 that lesion. 



In purely infective icterus attempts mu.st be made to arrest the 

 intestinal and hepatic fermentation. As intestinal antiseptics, 

 naphthol, benzo-naphthol, naphthaline, 5 grains four to .six times 

 a day. As hepatic antiseptics, salol 5 grains, salicylate of soda 

 8 grains, or calomel r grain four times a day. The salol and 

 salicylate tend to increase biliary secretion and to render it more 

 fluid. The same end is attained by alkalies (carbonates of po- 



