472 Veterinary Medicine. 



tassa, or soda or lithia, bitartrate of soda, iodide of potassium). 

 These are further valuable in hastening tlie elimination of toxic 

 matters by the kidneys. The expulsion of bile, and of intestinal 

 microbes and toxins may be sought by laxative doses of Glauber 

 salts, or by cold enemas of the same. Verheyen recommends 

 aloes in laxative doses for six days. Siedamgrotzky had good 

 results from induction currents of electricity, sent through the 

 region of the liver twice a day for ten minutes on each occasion. 

 To assist in elimination abundance of pure water or of waterj^ 

 fluids may be used. The mo.st effective eliminating agent is 

 pilocarpin in \ gr. dose hypodermically, repeated daily. 

 In weak conditions frequent small doses of strychnia, ether, 

 aqua regia, or digitalis may prove valuable. 



In case of improvement a course of bitters is usuall}' demanded, 

 and these may be combined with hydrochloric acid or small doses 

 of sodium bicarbonate. 



Taroughout the disease, gruels, beef tea, buttermilk, whey or 

 any simple nutritive aliment which the animal relishes may be 

 given, but both then and during convalescence fatty matters and 

 indigestible materials should be carefully withheld. 



JAUNDICE IN CATTLE AND SHEEP. 



Usually with gallstones or concretions, or distomata. In sheep from de- 

 composing vegetation. Symptoms : anceinia, emaciation, pallor, icteric 

 mucosae. Digestive disorder and bilious stools suggest worms. Treatment: 

 as in horse, or vermifuge. 



Though less common than in the dog icterus in ruminants 

 occurs, but most commonl}' in connection with gall stones and 

 concretions, or with trematodes in the gall ducts. These fprms 

 will be noticed under these respective headings. Verheyen de- 

 scribes an icterus of sheep which occurs enzootically in damp low 

 undrained localities, and is attributed by shepherds to the con- 

 sumption of dead and fermenting leaves. The symptoms are 

 those of anaemia, emaciation, and increasing weakness, with a 

 pallor and more or less dull yellow of the conjunctiva, and, later, 



