Chronic Atrophy of the Liver. 507 



fermentations b}' antiferments (salol, naphthol) and toxic matters 

 ill the blood b}^ alkaline diuretics. For the liver hyperplasia, 

 potassium iodide may be freely used. Blisters to the right side 

 will occasionally prove useful. The ascitic fluid must be drawn 

 off when it accumulates. A diet of milk, bread and milk, butter- 

 milk and musli, or one in which albuminoid elements are in mini- 

 mum amount and the action of which is laxative is to be preferred. 

 Out door exercise is desirable. 



CHRONIC ATROPHY OF THE LIVER. 



Chronic Atropliy : In old fiorses : in right and spigelian lobes ; others 

 show hypertrophy. In ruminants, omnivora and carnivora : in areas com- 

 pressed by tumors or parasites. Perihepatitis. Sclerosis. Remedy causes if 

 possible. Fatty Degeneration : Oil globules in liver cells, pathological 

 when they destroy the protoplasm. In ducks and geese on forced feeding, 

 Causes : poisoning by phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, lead, phenol, iodoform, 

 alcohol ; excess of fat in food, spoiled fodders, colchicum autumnale, yellow 

 lupins, bacteria, hemorrhages, inflammations, tumors, parasites ; improved 

 meat-producing breeds, old animals, hot stables. Lesions : liver enlarged, 

 pale, yellow, bloodless, knife in cutting is smeared with fat, oily stain on 

 paper, liver cells enlarged, protoplasm replaced by fat or oil ; ma}' be cir- 

 cumscribed. Symptoms : obesity, overfed in fats and starches, of fattening 

 breed, kept in confinement, in hot moist environment, if fed certain poi- 

 sons, with costiveness and indigestion, no endurance, short winded, slight 

 icterus, scanty urine, little urea, later, emaciation, palpation of enlarged 

 liver. Treatment : send to butcher, pampered horses, cows from swill 

 stable, a run at grass, with shade trees, a poor pasture, salines, cholagogues, 

 mineral acids, bitters, iron with alkalies, currying, massage, douches. 



Acute yellow atrophy has been referred to under parenchy- 

 matous hepatitis but a chronic atrophy is also met with in all 

 domestic animals. 



In old horses it affects, by preference the right and spigelian 

 lobes, the portal circulation of which is less direct because of the 

 veins of supply leaving the parent trunk at right angles (Eeblanc), 

 and because these lobes are more exposed to compression b}' solid 

 accumulations in the double colon (Kitt). In such cases a com- 

 psnsatory hypertrophy of the left and middle lobes is often 

 observed. 



