Foreign Bodies in the Liver. 525 



dilatation and degeneration of tlie walls of the latter even in the 

 best nourished animals. Thus dyspnoea and modified heart 

 sounds (murmurs) may be symptoms of biliary calculi. 



Treatment. Three or four ounces of olive oil were found to 

 greatly increase the quantity and fluidity of the bile in from 

 thirty to forty-five minutes. Bile, sulphate of soda and salicylate 

 of soda are excellent cholagogues, and the latter at the same time 

 an antiseptic. Anti-spasmodics are especially indicated to relieve 

 the colics, but they must be used in relatively smaller doses than in 

 the herbivora. Potassic andsodic carbonates or tartrates (Vichy) 

 may be used as enemas if they cannot be administered by the 

 mouth. Fomentations may be resorted to. The food must be 

 laxative and aqueous, and exercise must be imposed as far as the 

 animal can bear it. 



FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EIVER. 



\\\ horse', spikes of leguminosse, barley awns. Symptoms: 01 internal 

 hemorrhage, pallor, weakness, vertigo, death ; jaundice, prostration, stupor, 

 weakness, crossing of fore limbs, tender right hypochondrium. In cattle : 

 bodies passing from rumen. In swine, sand. In dog-, sharp bodies from 

 stomach. Treatment : laparotomy. 



Foreign bodies are rare in the liver in our domestic animals. 

 Horse. St. Cyr has found the spikes of leguminosae and JMegnin 

 the beards of barley. St. Cyr believed that he traced the passage 

 followed by the stalk through the walls of the duodenum, and 

 portal vein where it divided to be distributed through the 

 liver. At the point of supposed entrance the walls of the 

 vena portae were thickened and its lumen filled with clots. The 

 further course of the portal vein and its branches .showed similar 

 thickening and clots, and on the branch leading to the right lobe 

 was a large abscess containing 4 decilitres of pus. Clots ex- 

 tended into the .splenic, omental and mesenteric veins, and be- 

 tween the folds of the mesentery of the small intestine were a 

 number of minute ruptures and blood extravasations. 



Megnin found traces of the pa.s.sage of the barley beards 

 through the gastric walls and into the sub.stance of the liver close 



