PARASITES OF THE LIVER. 



Eying as it does in the cliaimel of the blood charged with the 

 products of absorption from the intestine, tlie Hver is especially 

 liable to parasites. Among protozoa are : Monocercomonas he- 

 patica (pigeon), saccharomyces guttulatus ( rabbit ), eimeria falci- 

 formis (rabbit), coccidium oviforme (rabbit, pig, dog). Among 

 the lower crj'ptogams are actinonnces (ox, pig). Of the tape- 

 worm famil}' are: Cysticercus tennicollis (ruminants, pig ), c. 

 pisiforniis (rabbit), c. cellulosa (dog, pig), echinococcus veteri- 

 uorum (animals, man), taenia fimbriata (slieep, deer), and an un- 

 determined coenurus (cat ). Of trematodes are : Distoma hepatica 

 (herbivora, man), distoma lanceolatum (herbivora, man), disto- 

 ma giganteiim, or Americanum (cattle), d. truncatum, d. con- 

 junctum, d. campanulatum (dog), amphistoma explanatum (ox). 

 Of nematodes are : Stephaiuirus dentatus, ascaris suis, oesopha- 

 gostoma dentatum (pig), sclerostoma eqninum, ascaris megalo- 

 cephala (horse), ascaris bovis (ox), oesophagostoma colnm- 

 biana (in ruminants), filaria hepatica, enstrongylus gigas, asca- 

 ris marginata (dog), ollulanus tricuspis, ascaris mystax (cat). 

 (See Parasites). 



DISEASES OF THE PANCREAS. 



Obscure. Shown only by digestion or hepatic disorder. Excess of fat in 

 stools suggests suppression of secretion. Intestinal fermentations. Suspeu" 

 sion of glycogenesis and consequent emaciation, stunting or poisoning. 

 Pancreatic calculus and icterus. 



Di.seases of the pancreas are even more ob.scure than those of 

 the liver. Situated on the course of the duodenum, beneath the 

 lumbar vertebrae and their right transverse processes, and sep- 

 arated from the lateral walls and floor of the abdomen b}^ the 

 great mass of the intestines, it is not open to manipulation or sat- 

 isfactor}' percussion, and its .secretions being used up in the func- 

 tion of digestion, so that they cannot be perceived and tested ex- 

 ternally like the secretions of the kidneys. Be.side the general 

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