4 Veterinary Medicine. 



sence of anaesthesia ; 3d, persistence of nutrition ; 4th, paralj^sis 

 greatest in the distal portion of the member. 



Localized Paralysis is usually due to lesion of a nerve, and 

 is both motor and sensorx'. If due to a spinal lesion it usually 

 affects one or more groups of muscles. In case the lesion is in 

 the nerve, be guided, in investigating it, b}' Van der Kolk's law, 

 that the sensory fibres are usually distributed in the skin corre- 

 sponding to tlie muscles which receive the motor fibres. 



Pseudo-paralysis occurs from muscular disease, injury, in- 

 flammation or degeneration and has no appreciable central nor 

 nervous lesion nor anaesthesia. 



Spasm {Hyperkinesis) ; abnormal violent muscular contrac- 

 tions with or without loss of consciousness. 



Tonic (tetanic) Spasm is violent and continuous. 

 Clonic Spasm is rapidly intermittent : — Contractions and re- 

 laxations. 



Tremor {trembling) consists in small, intermittent, involun- 

 tary contractions. 



Hemispasm affects the face, or limbs, or both, on one side of 

 the bod}' and may precede hemiplegia. 



Monospasm affects one limb, one group of nuiscles or a 

 single mu.scle. It may be due to lesion of the brain, of the 

 spinal cord or of the nerves. Thus it may imply connnencing 

 disea.se of the motor centres or tracts. 



Spasms of the Eyeballs (rolling of globe to one side), and 

 Spasms of the Eyeballs and Head, are important indications 

 of apoplexy. They imply disorder (commencing irritation) of 

 the cerebral motor areas. Advanced disease would probably de- 

 termine hebetude, coma, drowsiness, or palsy. If epileptiform 

 it turns awaj- from the lesion. If hemiplegic it turns toward the 

 lesion and away from the paralysis. If lesion of the pons it 

 turns away from the lesion. 



Paraplegic Spasm is a tonic spasm, partial in degree, caus- 

 ing stiff, tetanoid (spastic) walk. In all four extremities there 

 may be mixed paresis and contraction. This often attends on 

 hemorrhage into the meninges. 



General Spasms, convulsions as in Eclampsia, Epilep.sy, 

 Chorea, Tetanus. 



Local Spasms may be rhythmic or not, in slight cases to be 



