12 Veterinary Medicine. 



With regard to localization of cerebral lesions, Sequin thinks 

 emotions are probably generated in the basal ganglia such as 

 those of the pons and thalami, while inhibition depends on the 

 anterior cerebral cortical convolutions. 



DIAGNOSLS, SYMPTOMS AND THEIR IMMEDIATE 



CAUSES. LOCALIZATION OF LESION IN 



SPECIAL SYMPTOMS. 



Spasm, pain, numbness — irritation. Paresis, paralysis, aneesthesia (con- 

 stant) — destructive lesions. Both combined — variable symptoms, recurrent. 

 Definite, fixed symptoms — structural lesions, visually progressive. Symp- 

 toms, variable as to place, time, subsidence and recurrence — functional 

 lesions. Brain lesions. Pressure on brain — pain, spasm, nausea, dullness, 

 blindness, stupor, coma, pais}'. Congestion and anaemia synchronous. 

 Lesions of cortex. Encephalic lesions — hemiplegia, with spasms, increased 

 reflexes, spasms follow cranial nerves, vertigo, apoplexy, epilepsy, dementia, 

 coma, little muscular atrophy, or dermal sloughing. Spinal lesions, para- 

 plegia without spasm, reflex reduced or nil, follow spinal nerves, head 

 symptoms less, much muscular atrophy, bed sores. Sensory and motor 

 tracts, in cms cerebri, respiratory centres — inspiratory expiratory, inhibi- 

 tion. Salivation, sneezing, coughing, sucking, chewing, swallowing, vomit- 

 ing. Cardiac centres, accelerating and inhibitory. Vaso-motor centre. 

 Spasm centre. Perspiratory centre. Pons. Corpora quadrigemini, crura 

 cerebri. Thalamus, corpus striatum. Cerebellum. Cerebral cortex : in 

 ass ; in dog. Spinal lesions : lateral half .section ; central anteroposterior, 

 vertical section : superior columns : inferior columns : cervical lateral 

 columns : respiratory tract : glycogenic centre : pupillary dilator : cardiac 

 accelerator ; vaso-motor, sudoriparous : centre for anal spincter : for vesical 

 sphincter : genital centre : vaso motor and trophic centres : muscular sense 

 tract : superior column and Goll's. Table of phenomena from cord lesions. 



In Irritation of nervous organs tlie symptoms (spasm, pain, 

 numbness) are usually intermittent. 



In Destructive Lesions of nervous organs the symptoms 

 (paresis, paralysis, anaesthesia ) are usually constant. 



When irritation and destruction are as.sociated the symp- 

 toms are variable and frequent. The characteristic symptoms of 

 the two may coexist or succeed each other. 



Structural Nervous Lesions have symptoms that are definite 



