54 Veterinary Medicine. 



is paid to loud sounds, nor to pinching, pricking, or even cauter- 

 izing the skin. Perspirations may break out on the flank or 

 over the whole surface of the body. 



The duration of the attack may be from one to four minutes, 

 or exceptionally ten or fifteen, after which the muscles relax, the 

 twitching ceases, the horse raises his head, extends his fore 

 limbs and finally rises. 



After rising some are dull and stupid for an hour or so, and 

 may continue to perspire, some move the limbs, jaws or head 

 automatically, turn in a circle, or seek seclusion and darkness, 

 while some take at once to eating and seem as if nothing had 

 happened. 



In partial or localized epilepsy the spasms are confined to a 

 limited group of muscles like those of the jaws, neck, or fore limbs. 

 These may alternately contract and relax, or they may remain rigid 

 for a minute or less, the mouth being held open or firmly closed 

 with grinding of the teeth, the eyes rolled backward and upward, 

 or affected with strabismus, the face drawn and distorted, the 

 head turned to one side or downward, or the limbs fixed and 

 immovable. 



At the conclusion of an attack it is not uncommon to see a dis- 

 charge of urine or faeces, or in stallions, of semen. 



The horse often contracts a fear of the place where the attack 

 occurred, and this contributes, with the re-appearance of the 

 former object of dread (car, locomotive, rifles, cannon, etc.) to 

 precipitate a new attack if he is compelled to go to such a place. 



Symptoms in Cattle. In cattle the animal is attacked without 

 premonition, bellows, breathes hard and with effort, has dilata- 

 tion of the nostrils, and squinting or rolling upward and back- 

 ward of the eyes and falls to the ground rigid and trembling. 

 There may be violent succussions of the limbs, head or neck, 

 movements of the jaws, grinding of the teeth, and the appearance 

 of frothy saliva and elements of food about'the lips. The beats 

 of the heart are violent, the pulse slow and small, and sometimes 

 intermittent. Involuntar}^ micturition, defecation, or discharge 

 of semen may occur. In slight cases one or more of these symp- 

 toms may be absent, and the victim maj' not even fall to the 

 ground but support himself against a wall or other object. 



