70 Veterinary Medicine. 



ing eyes, constrained position of ear, deafness, pharyngeal or Eustachian 

 trouble, wax or acari in ear, tender or itchy ear. Plethoric cases in spring, 

 in overfed, etc. Brain lesions may have fever and disordered innervation, 

 but retained consciousness, and no marked spasm. Duration. Sheep : para- 

 sitic vertigo. Turning. Rotation. Treatment : according to cause : restrict 

 ration, give exercise, purgative, adjust collar, breast .strap, check, avoid 

 sudden transitions of light, overdraw check, blinds, treat nasal, pharangeal, 

 ocular or aural trouble ; during attack, stop in shade, cold to head, deplete, 

 bleed, purge, shady pasture or light work, bromides, blisters, etc. 



In dealing with vertigo or giddiness in animals we are con- 

 fronted b}' the impo.ssibility of realizing the snbjective feelings 

 of the animal, as we can .so easily ascertain by interrogation in 

 the case of man, and thus our conclusions are largely inferences 

 drawn from certain unsteady, reckless or uncontrollable move- 

 ments, or from an apparent inability to maintain a stable equi- 

 librium. The condition is rather a symptom of a variety of 

 morbid conditions, functional and structural, than a disease 

 sui generis. It may be due to alcoholic or other narcotic intoxi- 

 cation, to overloaded or otherwise deranged stomach, to shock, to 

 a stroke of lightning, to disturbances — anaemic or hyperaemic — 

 in the circulation in the encephalon, to degenerations, parasites 

 or tumors in the brain, to compression of the jugular veins, to 

 valvular or other disease of the heart, to di.sease of the internal 

 ear, to the plethora of spring or early summer, to the qualms of 

 sea sickness, to insolation. 



The purely toxic cases are more clearly defined and temporary 

 so that they may be eliminated from consideration at present, yet 

 their possible occurrence must always be borne in mind by the 

 practitioner especially when called to pronounce upon ca.ses of 

 vertigo in connection with veterinary legal questions. The cases 

 that are due to a persistent neurosis, or to circulatory troubles 

 may well be placed in a list by themselves, yet in their legal re- 

 lations it is highly important that the practitioner should as far 

 as possible discriminate among these as well. 



Susceptible Animals. Vertigo undoubtedly exists among all 

 domestic animals. The symptoms by which it is recognized 

 have been noted especially in the horse and much less frequently 

 in ox, dog, pig and sheep. 



