MENINGO— ENCEPHAUTIS. STAGGERS. 



Divisions. Causes : traumas, faulty diet, highly nitrogenous, legunininous 

 seeds, undergoing ripening, cotton seed, gluten meal, forced feeding, buck- 

 wheat, ryegrass, lupins, cryptogams, trefoil, equisetum, narcotics, mi- 

 crobian ferments, experiments with spoiled food and epizootics in wet 

 years, high temperature, violent exercise, railroad travel, climatic change, 

 complex causes, embolisms, infections, lead, phosphorus, tumors, parasites. 

 Symptoms : with meningitis, fever, h3'per£esthesia, active delirium and 

 convuLsions predominate : with encephalitis, dullness, stupor, somnolence, 

 muscular weakness, anaesthesia, paralysis, coma ; usually complex, hyper- 

 thermia, periods of benumbing, followed b)' excitement ; drowsy, stupid, 

 semi-closed eyelids, drooping lips, ears, and head, latter resting on manger 

 or wall, walks unsteadily, limbs out of plumb, hangs on halter, wont back, 

 turns in circle, costive, indigestion, tympanies, rumbling, abnormal (often 

 slow) pulse and breathing, congested optic disc ; alternate with trembling, 

 excitement, pawing, rearing, plunging, pushing against the wall, trotting 

 motions, etc. : uncontrollable violence ; severity and freqviency of paro:^ 

 ysms indicate gravity ; recovery : sequelae. Duration : death in 24 to 36 

 hours : or weeks. Prognosis : one-quarter recover, with increased suscepti- 

 bility ; nervous animals worst. Lesions : extravasation, congestion, exu- 

 dates, pus, thickened meninges ; choroid plexus : brain matter gray or red, 

 puncta, infiltrated, softened, excess of leucocytes, red ^softening, yellow 

 softening, sclerosis, cicatrix, abscess. Diagnosis : from rabies, cerebral 

 congestion, immobility, influenza. Cattle. Symptoms : evidence of trauma, 

 indigestion, lead poisoning, narcotism, parasitism; dullness, stupor, somno- 

 lence, stertor, grinding teeth, spasms, twitching, restless movements, blind- 

 ness, violent actions, bellowing, hebetiide, palsy. Relation to causation. 

 Sheep : Symptoms. Swine : Symptoms. Dog : Symptoms. Diagnosis 

 from rabies. Treatment : quiet, darkness, coolness, restraint, ice or cold 

 irrigation, elimination, derivation, depletion, diuretics, potassium iodide, 

 antipyretics, laxative diet, cool water, evacuate abscess. Cattle, similar, 

 saline laxatives, for lead sulphuric acid, for coenurus, operation, for oestrus, 

 benzine. Dog, parallel treatment, milk diet or gruels, for linguatula, 

 benzine. 



The inflammatory affections in the cranial cavity have been 

 divided primarily into the following : 



1. Meningitis. Inflammation of the coverings of the brain, and 



2. Encephalitis {Cerebritis) . Inflammation of the nervous 

 substance. These are further subdivided into : 



A. Pachymeyiingitis . Inflammation of the dura Mater. 



B. Leptomeningitis. Inflammation of the pia Mater, 



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