ii8 Veterinaiy Medicine. 



appreciate and respond to all noises, words, touches or other 

 causes of excitement, plenty of fire and spirit, and an absence of 

 any apathy, dulness, awkwardness of movement or position of the 

 limbs, or of any other sign of failing nervous power he may be 

 considered free from this affection, even if he refuses to back in a 

 docile manner. In other cases there is a distinct physical inca- 

 pacity quite apart from any brain disorder. Sprains or anchy- 

 losis of the back or loins or anchylosis or painful arthritis of the 

 hocks, may hinder backing. 



The diagnosis from encephalitis and other inflammatory affec- 

 tions associated with stupor, rests on the absence of hyperthermia, 

 of the congestion of the orbital and nasal mucosae, of the heat of 

 the head and of the paroxysmal attacks of excitement which char- 

 acterize these diseases. 



CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS. 



Definition. Epizootic manifestations. Faulty hygiene, insanitary stables, 

 impure air, defective drainage, fermenting food, overwork, overfeeding, ex- 

 citement, heat exhaustion, electric tension. Probably complex. Horse, 

 ox, sheep, goat, dog. Microbian factors in man and rabbit. Lesions : 

 meningeal, brain and spinal congestion, effusion, suppuration, circum- 

 scribed necrosis, softening, petechige. Blood dark, fluid or a diffluent clot. 

 Symptoms: horse: paresis, anorexia, dj'sphagia, mucous congestion, 

 reddish brown : in severe cases, chill, stupor, apathy, debility, palsy, tonic 

 spasms of neck, back or loins, hyperoesthesia, twitching, trismus, hyper- 

 thermia, delirium, coma, convulsions, and early death. Duration averages 

 7 to 15 days. O.r, as in encephalo-meningitis. Sheep, microbes. Dog , 

 dulled .senses, stupor, coma, palsy, hyperthermia, heat of head, .spasms, etc. 

 Diagno.«is : by brain and spinal symptoms ; cases in groups. More sudden 

 than tetanus, or rabies, and shows no mischievous purpose, nor depraved 

 appetite : from tubercular meningitis. Treatment : Avoid suspected stable, 

 food, water, or suspicious environment, disinfect, correct local diseases, 

 unload bowels, belladonna, atropia, chloral, bromides, ergot, phenacetin, 

 potassium iodide. Bleeding. Cold to head or back. Derivatives. Sling. 

 In convalescence, regulated diet and tonics. 



Definition. Concurrent inflammation of the meninges of the 

 brain and .spinal cord. 



This appears at times in many horses in the same locality, as in 

 New York in 1850 C Large), in Denmark since 1852 (Stockfleth, 

 Bagge), and in hvgypt in 1876 ( Apostolides). In Cairo alone 



