Lead Poisoning. Plumbism. 143 



against solution. The hardness of the water is not, however, a 

 sufficient safeguard, as iron, solder, and other agents present in 

 the lead as an inipurit}' or merely resting upon it, are sufficient to 

 set up a galvanic action resulting in solution. 



The salts of lead may find direct access to the animal, as in the 

 case reported by Gamgee in which a farmer used a barrel which 

 had contained acetate of lead for mixing the feed given to his 

 stock. A somewhat similar source of poisoning is found in the 

 use of buckets or silos which have been painted inside, and scale 

 off in contact with hot water, etc. 



Blythe enumerates the following compounds of lead as emploj'ed 

 in the arts : 



ist. Hair dyes which have a basis of litharge, acetate or car- 

 bonate of lead in ccjuibination with lime and other agents. 



2nd. White lead in its various forms is carbonate of lead. 



3rd. Newcastle white is white lead made with molasses vinegar. 



4th. Notingham white is white lead made with sour ale. 



5th. Miniature Painter's white is lead sulphate. 



5th. Pattison white is an oxychloride of lead. 



7th. Chrome Yellow is impure chromate of lead. 



8th. Turner's Yellow, Casella Yellow, Patent Yellow is oxy- 

 chloride of lead. 



9th. Chrome Red is a bichromate of lead. 



loth. Red Lead is the red oxide of lead. 



nth. Orange Red is an oxide obtained by calcining the car- 

 bonate. 



1 2th. Nitrate of Lead is much used in calico printing. 



13th. Pyrolignite of Lead is an impure acetate used in dyeing. 



14th. vSulphate of Lead is a by product in the preparation of 

 acetate of aluminium for dyeing. 



Forms. Lead poisoning occurs in acute and chronic forms. 

 The two forms, however, merge into each other and are largely 

 convulsive and paralytic. 



Experimentally. Harnack found that 2 to 3 nigrms. in frogs 

 and 40 mgrms. in rabbits caused increased intestinal peristalsis, 

 diarrhoea, and paralysis of the heart. Dogs had choreic symp- 

 toms. Gusserno gave 1.2 grm. to rabbits and dogs respectively, 

 and produced emaciation, shivering and paralysis of the hind 

 extremities. Rosenstein with 0.2 to 0.5 grm. obtained in dogs 



