204 Veterinary Medicine. 



The ureters are tender when inflamed, and they are swollen in 

 calculous obstruction with an elastic feeling in front of the stone. 



The (^/a^^ifr is very sensitive when overdistended, inflamed or 

 pendent on the abdominal floor, or when the seat of calculus. 

 In the absence of any liquid contents a calculus is felt as a hard 

 solid mass firmly clasped b}^ the contracted vesical walls. If 

 liquid is present the solid hard calculus is felt movable in the 

 fluid. An empty contracted bladder is firm and pyriform. 

 An empty flaccid bladder, resulting from rupture or exhaustion, 

 is flabby, with indefinite form and, if the seat of a lesion, tender. 

 It varies in consistency with neoplasms (papilloma, sarcoma, car- 

 cinoma, or epithelioma). These have not the free mobility of 

 the calculus floating in urine, and their point of connection with 

 the wall may often be made out. When a solid body is felt, or 

 suspected to be in the contracted bladder, an injection of sterilized 

 water will usually facilitate diagnosis, and a differentiation of 

 calculus and neoplasm. 



Hypertrophy of the prostate is felt as a swelling of uneven 

 outline over the cervix vesicae. It is to be looked for especially 

 in old dogs. 



Urethritis is indicated b}- swelling and tenderness along the 

 median line of the pelvic floor, back of the cervix. With a cal- 

 ciilns in the urethra the swelling is more strictly localized and the 

 canal in front of it mav be full and elastic. 



HEMATURIA. 



Symptoms of different lesions of kidneys and constitutional states, of 

 poisoning by irritant plants, common on moors and in woods. In puerperal 

 cow fed on turnips raised on mucky, unreclaimed, sour lands. Bacteria. 

 Toxins. Anaemia. Poor wintering. I^imed new soils. .Syw/Zow.? .■ in plethoric, 

 congested mucosae, vascular tension, hurried breathing, colics, straining, 

 red urine ; in vegetable irritants, depression, weakness, coldness, trembling, 

 stiffness behind, scanty red or black urine, diarrhoea, constipation ; in anaemia^ 

 poverty, debility, red urine, pink tinge in milk, emaciation, hide-bound, 

 anorexia, colics. Chronic or intermittent. Lesions: in plethoric, congested 

 enlarged kidney, without softening ; in irritant poisons, congestion also of 

 throat, stomachs, intestines, liver with lutmorrhagic extravasations ; in 

 ansemia, kidneys pale, flaccid, hydrosemia, liver enlarged, softened, reddish 



