Hwiiiatiiria. 205 



liquids in serous cavities. Treatment : avoid the injurious soils, drain, cul. 

 tivate, feed products of such soils with other food, oleaginous or saline laxa- 

 tives, antifernients, tonics, astringents, flax seed, farinas. 



The passage of blood or blood elements in the urine. 



Ca7ises. A symptom of a varietj' of diseases, producing lesions 

 of the secreting structures of the kidneys; acute congestion, 

 tumors, calculi, parasiti.'-m. Also as a manifestation of diseases of 

 distant organs — hsemoglobinuria, southern cattle fever, anthrax, 

 poisoning by irritant diuretics, wounds of the bladder, pelvic 

 fracture with injury to bladder or urethra, cystitis with varicose 

 cystic veins, etc. 



Among the irritant plants charged with producing the affection 

 are the young shoots of oak. ash, privet, hornbean, alder, hazel, 

 dogberry, pine, fir, and coniferae, generally. Also ranuncuhis, 

 hellebore, colchicum, mercuriales annuns, a.sclepias vincetoxi- 

 cum, broom, etc. The disease is common in .spring in cattle 

 turned out too early to get good pasturage and which, it is 

 alleged, take to eating the swelling buds and young shoots of 

 irritant plants. 



The disease has occurred mostl}' in woods and wild lands and 

 has accordingly been vulgarly named the wood evil, ( maladie de 

 bois, holzkrankheit), and moor ill. 



In England, as occurring in the puerperal cow, Cuming, of 

 Ellon, attributes it to a too exclusive diet of turnips. His analy- 

 sis showed that turnips contained 10 ^ sugar and i to iv^ '/c 

 vegetable albumen. The sugar is held to stimulate unduly the 

 milk secretion, but fails to supply the nitrogenous materials need- 

 ful to form it, and the cow is .speedily rendered anaemic, with 

 solution of the blood globules or of the haematin and its excre- 

 tion by the urine. No attempt was made to produce hsematuria 

 by an exclusive or excessive diet of sugar, and cows fed on 

 turnips grown on well drained lands never suffered from the 

 disease. 



Williams says that urine in such cases had a strong odor of 

 rotten turnips. This argues not an anaemia determined by sugar, 

 but rather an intestinal fermentation, perhaps superinduced by 

 ferments introduced along with the turnips. Add to this the 

 notorious fact that the offending ttirnips are usuall}^ such as are 

 grown on wild, damp, undrained, swampy, or mucky lands, and 



