2IO Veterinary Medicine. 



cases there are superadded the acrid diuretic plants already re- 

 ferred to. In Denmark where onions are grown on a large scale, 

 the tops fed to animals have produced renal congestion. 



There appears to be an extra susceptibility in spring when the 

 winter coat is being shed, and at this time especially, but also in- 

 dependently of tljis and at other seasons, exposure to cold and the 

 occurrence of chills tend to induce an attack. Exposure to cold 

 storms of rain or sleet when perspiring or fatigued, standing tied 

 out of doors in zero weather without a blanket, wading or swim- 

 ming deep rivers in cold weather and while fatigued, standing 

 wet and uublanketed in a cold stable when returned from work, 

 exposure to draughts between open windows or doors, the con- 

 tinuous falling of cold rain, from a leaking roof, on the loins, the 

 cold of a damp stable newly finished in brick or stone, the cold 

 and damp of an undrained floor in a wet retentive soil, all have 

 a tendency to drive the blood from the surface, to increase the 

 tension of the blood in the heart and internal organs, to stimulate 

 the kidneys to extraordinary secretory activity, and at the same 

 time to temporarily debilitate the whole system and lessen the 

 power of resistance and recuperation. The factor is especially 

 potent when it involves the nervous interdependent sympathy 

 between the chilled loins or abdomen and the kidneys. Sprains and 

 other injuries of the loins have long been charged with producing 

 renal congestion and inflammation, and even Trasbot, who doubts 

 the reality of this, acknowledges that the already diseased kidneys 

 are seriously injured in this way. Cadeac and Schmid record 

 cases of actual rupture of the horses' kidney from violent move- 

 ment, and other cases of congestion and bloody urine have been 

 traced to kicks on the loins, falls, sprains and the carrying of un- 

 duly heavy loads. The overexertion which produces albumin- 

 uria, casts and sanguineous transfusion in athletes has a similar 

 effect on the overdriven race horse, trotter or draught horse. 



Lesions. The congested kidney is enlarged, .sometimes to two 

 or three times its natural size, softened, and red, especially in 

 the cortical portion which may be so dark as to appear cyanotic. 

 The capsule is also the seat of ramified redness, and is very 

 loosely adherent to the cortex. Beneath it may be considerable 

 yellowish* exudate especially abundant in the vicinity of the 

 hilus. On section the cut surface is very bloody, the cortex 



